Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs USES/NOTES: Fruits are eaten as a refreshing snack in Amazonian Ecuador. NATURAL RANGE: Tropical South America REFERENCES: Bennett et al. 2001, Davis and Yost 1983, UFA/NYBG n.d. Dimocarpus longan Lour. [syn. Euphoria nephelium L., Nephelium longana Cambess.] FAMILY: Sapindaceae (soapberry or soapwort) ENGLISH: longan, longyen, lungan PORTUGUESE: longan, longana, olho-de-boi, olho-de-dragão SPANISH: longán, mamoncillo chino USES/NOTES: Fruit’s bitter-sweet, though pleasant, juicy aril, similar to the litchi (Litchi chinensis), is eaten fresh, dried, canned, and in jellies. NATURAL RANGE: India, southern China, or Thailand REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Hoyas 1989, IBGE 1980, Johns and Stevenson 1985, Mabberley 1987, Martin et al. 1987, Mowry et al. 1967, Will 1991 Dioon edule Lindley FAMILY: Zamiaceae (zamia) or Cycadaceae (cycad) ENGLISH: chestnut dioon, dion, dioon, Mexican fern palm, sago palm SPANISH: chamal, palma de la virgen, palma de macetas USES/NOTES: Seeds are eaten boiled or roasted then ground and used as a starchy flour for tortillas. Cultivated as an ornamental. NATURAL RANGE: Eastern Mexico from sea level to about 1,500m in the Sierra Madre Oriental REFERENCES: Dehgan 1983, Jones 1993, Kermath (notes), Mabberley 1987, Stevenson et al. 1990, Sturtevant 1972, Uphof 1968 Dioscorea alata L. FAMILY: Dioscoreaceae (yam) ENGLISH: Chinese yam, greater Asiatic yam, greater yam, Guyana arrowroot, Lisbon yam, ten months yam, water yam, white yam, winged yam PORTUGUESE: cará-branco, cará-chinês, cará-cultivado, cará-da- Guiné, cará-de-agua, cará-de-Angola, cará-inhame, inhame-da- China, inhame-da-Índia, inhame-liso, sachapapa SPANISH: cabeza de negro, cará, chami papa, igname, iñame, malli, mallica, ñame asiático, ñame blanco, ñame chino, ñame de agua, ñame de mina, ñame grande, ñame mayor de Asia, ñame morado, ñame peludo, ñampi, nangate, ñangate, papa de montaña, tabena, tus, yame blanco USES/NOTES: The most widely cultivated Dioscorea species is grown for its edible bulbils and large starchy tubers, which may weigh 50 kilograms. Large heart-shaped leaves and winged stems characterize this fast growing vine. NATURAL RANGE: South or Southeast Asia, perhaps near the Bay of Bengal, naturalized and pestiferous in warm regions DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 266
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs REFERENCES: Chu and Figueiredo-Ribeiro 1991, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Editorial Panapo 1988, FLEPPC 2003, Guia Rural 1990, IBGE 1980, Kay 1973, Kermath (notes), Leung 1961, Martin 1976, O’Hair 1984, Omawale 1973, OAS 1973, Purseglove 1972, Rodríguez Martínez 1987, Sauer 1969, Yamaguchi 1983 Dioscorea brasiliensis Willd. FAMILY: Dioscoreaceae (yam) PORTUGUESE: cará-branco USES/NOTES: Nutritious tubers are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonian Brazil REFERENCES: Chu and Figueiredo-Ribeiro 1991, Silva et al. 1977 Dioscorea bridgesii Griseb ex R. Knuth FAMILY: Dioscoreaceae (yam) SPANISH: ñame USES/NOTES: Tubers are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Chile REFERENCES: Marticorena and Quezada 1985, Schmeda-Hirschmann et al. 1999 Dioscorea bulbifera L. FAMILY: Dioscoreaceae (yam) ENGLISH: acom, acom yam, aerial yam, air potato, bulbil bearing yam, otaheite potato, otaheite yam, potato yam, turkey-liver yam PORTUGUESE: batata-de-rama, batata-do-ar, cará-de-espinho, cará-de- São-Tomé, cará-de-sapateiro, cará-do-ar, cará-do-céu, carásapateiro, inhame-casco, inhame-de-Angola SPANISH: batata del aire, bondá, huayra papa, ñame, ñame congo, ñame criollo, ñame de mata, ñame del aire, ñame papa, ñati papa, papa caribe, papa del aire, papa voladora USES/NOTES: Young axillary bulbils, or aerial tubers, at the leaf bases of this aggressive climber are eaten cooked, though are often bitter. Tubers also are edible, though typically as a famine food and only after detoxification. Bulbils and tubers also are starch sources, and inflorescences reportedly are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Tropical Africa and Asia, naturalized and invasive in warm regions including the southeastern U.S. REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Alcorn 1984, Chu and Figueiredo-Ribeiro 1991, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Facciola 1990, IBGE 1980, Kay 1973, Kermath (notes), Mabberley 1987, Martin 1974, O’Hair 1984, OAS 1973, Schneider 1987, Silva et al. 1977 Dioscorea cayenensis Lam. FAMILY: Dioscoreaceae (yam) ENGLISH: affoo, afou, cut-and-come-again yam, dye yam, Guinea yam, hard yam, negro yam, neroo yam, twelve months yam, yellow yam PORTUGUESE: cará-amarelo, cará-de-Pará DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 267
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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