Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs NATURAL RANGE: Brazil and bordering Paraguay REFERENCES: MBG n.d., Uphof 1968 Tropaeolum leptophyllum G. Don f. [syn. T. bridgesii Fielding, T. chilense var. eximium Steudel, T. edule Bridges, T. linearifolium Steudel] FAMILY: Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium) USES/NOTES: Roots are an emergency food source. NATURAL RANGE: Chile, Peru, and northwester Argentina REFERENCES: MBG n.d., Sparre and Andersson 1991, Uphof 1968, Zuloaga 1997 Tropaeolum majus L. [syn. Cardamindum majus (L.) Moench] FAMILY: Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium) ENGLISH: Indian cress, nasturtium PORTUGUESE: capuchinha, capuchinha-de-flores-grandes, capuchinhagrande, flor-de-sangue SPANISH: capuchina, mallau, mastuerzo USES/NOTES: Leaves and flowers are added to salads, and seeds and flower buds are used like capers (Capparis spinosa), and flowers are added to sauces. Plant also is antibiotic and ornamental for its showy flowers. NATURAL RANGE: Andean South America REFERENCES: Cid 1978, Estrella 1991, Mabberley 1987, Naranjo 1991, Schneider 1987, Sparre and Andersson 1991, Usher 1974, Van Feu n.d. Tropaeolum minus L. [syn. Cardamindum minus (L.) Moench] FAMILY: Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium) ENGLISH: bush nasturtium, canary bird vine, dwarf nasturtium, flame flower, Indian-cress, nasturtium, small tropaeolum USES/NOTES: Leaves, flowers, and fruits are edible. Many named ornamental cultivars exist including black velvet, empress of India, ladybird, peach melba, and tip top mahogany. NATURAL RANGE: Andean Ecuador and Peru, widely cultivated REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Sparre and Andersson 1991, Sturtevant 1972 Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavón FAMILY: Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium) ENGLISH: anu, mashua, tuber nasturtium, tuberous nasturtium PORTUGUESE: nastúrcio SPANISH: año, añu, añú, anya, anyú, apilla, apiña-mama isano, cubio, cubios, isano, isaño, isañu, ivia, mafua, majua, mashua, mashuar, massua, mauja, maxua, mayua, nabo, navios, navo, piñamama, tuna mashua, ysaño USES/NOTES: Carbohydrate-rich tubers are sun dried by day and freeze dried by night, then added to soups, or occasionally boiled or fried and eaten alone, young leaves are eaten as a DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 778
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs boiled vegetable, and flowers are edible. Seen today throughout the Andes. Much potential for expansion. NATURAL RANGE: Andean highlands of Chile, Bolivia, and Peru REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Cárdenas 1969, Estrella 1991, Leung 1961, Naranjo 1991, National Research Council 1989, OAS 1973, Rehm and Espig 1991, Soukup 1970, Sparre and Andersson 1991, Terra 1966, Yamaguchi 1983, Vietmeyer 1992 Trophaeastrum patagonicum (Speg.) Sparre [syn. Tropaeolum patagonicum Speg.] FAMILY: Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium) ENGLISH: tuber nasturtium, tuberous nasturtium SPANISH: año, añu, añú, anya, anyú, apilla, apiña-mama isano, cubio, cubios, isano, isaño, isañu, ivia, mashua, majua, mafua, mauja, maxua, mashuar, massua, mayua, nabo, navios, navo, piñamama, tuna mashua, ysaño USES/NOTES: Carbohydrate-rich tubers, similar to those of Tropaeolum tuberosum, are eaten cooked boiled or fried. Young leaves are eaten as a boiled vegetable and flowers are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Patagonia, Argentina REFERENCES: Sparre and Andersson 1991, Zuloaga 1997 Trophis racemosa (L.) Urban FAMILY: Moraceae (mulberry) SPANISH: ramón, San Ramón, tsumté, ujushte USES/NOTES: Leaves are made into tea and shoots are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics REFERENCES: Alcorn 1984, OAS 1973 Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière [syn. Pinus canadensis L.] FAMILY: Pinaceae (pine) ENGLISH: Canada hemlock, eastern hemlock, hemlock USES/NOTES: Inner bark is eaten raw or cooked, needles are made into tea, young tips are made into tea or used in root beer and spruce beer, and needles and twigs are a spruce gum source, used to flavor chewing gum and candies. NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Fernald et al. 1958, Morton 1976a, Yanovsky 1936 Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. FAMILY: Pinaceae (pine) ENGLISH: western hemlock USES/NOTES: Native Alaskans mixed the cambium and sap for food, young twigs are a spruce beer source, and stems and leaves are a spruce oil source, used to flavor candy. NATURAL RANGE: Western North America REFERENCES: Morton 1976a, Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Tsuga mertenziana (Bong.) Carrière DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 779
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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