Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs SPANISH: chichita, copal, pimienta del Brasil, turbinto USES/NOTES: Flowers are a honey source and seeds are said to be used as a peppery spice like other Schinus spp. (e.g., S. molle), although all plant parts including the seeds contain toxins that are irritating both internally and externally. Bark is antiinflammatory and used in tanning. Previously planted widely in Florida for its abundant and persistent red berries and evergreen foliage, though now the most pestiferous in aerial coverage of invasive, exotic plants in the state. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Brazil and adjacent Paraguay and Argentina, naturalized and invasive in Florida and other warm regions REFERENCES: Brazilian Pepper Task Force 1997, Gordon and Thomas 1997, IBGE 1980, Kermath (notes), Lakela and Wunderlin 1980, Mentz et al. 1997, Morton 1978, Perkins and Payne 1978, Van Feu n.d., Voeks 1997 Schistostemon reticulatum (Ducke) Cuatrec. FAMILY: Humiriaceae (bastard bullet tree) SPANISH: parinari sacha USES/NOTES: Fruits are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonia REFERENCES: Duke and Vásquez 1994 Schlegelia violacea (Aublet) Griseb. [syn. Besleria violacea Aublet] FAMILY: Gesneriaceae (African violet or gloxinias) USES/NOTES: Fruit pulp is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Brazil, southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and portions of the West Indies REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987, Steyermark et al. 1995 Scirpus californicus (C. Meyer) Steudel [syn. Schoenoplectus californicus (C. Meyer) Soják] FAMILY: Cyperaceae (sedge) ENGLISH: California bulrush, giant bulrush, tule SPANISH: totora, tule USES/NOTES: Carbohydrate-rich rhizomes and submerged stem bases are eaten boiled, though the plant is more widely used today for its aerial stems, which are used as a fiber for weaving mats, baskets, and handicrafts. NATURAL RANGE: Pacific coast from California to Chile and the Atlantic coast, including the Gulf of Mexico, from Florida to Argentina, naturalized in New Zealand REFERENCES: Heiser 1978, Heiser 1979a, Hickman 1993, Macía and Balslev 2000, Rondón et al. 2003, Schmeda-Hirschmann et al. 1999 Scirpus maritimus L. [syn. S. paludosus Nelson] FAMILY: Cyperaceae (sedge) ENGLISH: alkali bulrush, bayonet grass, nutgrass, salt marsh bulrush DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 698
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs USES/NOTES: Rhizomes are eaten raw or as flour. NATURAL RANGE: North America REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Fernald et al. 1958, Harrington 1967, Harris 1972, Mabberley 1987, Uphof 1968 Scirpus pterolepis (Nees) Kunth [syn. S. lacustris L.] and Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhlenb. ex Bigelow) Löve & D. Löve [syn. Scirpus acutus Muhlenb. ex Bigelow] FAMILY: Cyperaceae (sedge) ENGLISH: bulrush, common tule, great bulrush, hardstem bulrush (S. acutus), tule, tule rush USES/NOTES: Young shoots and potentially long rhizomes were once widely consumed (raw or cooked) by Amerindians. Pollen and seeds may be made into an edible meal. NATURAL RANGE: Canada and the U.S., widespread REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Gibbons 1973, Gibbons and Tucker 1979, Harrington 1967, Mabberley 1987, Peterson 1977, Smith and Yatskievych 1996, Yanovsky 1936 Scirpus nevadensis S. Watson FAMILY: Cyperaceae (sedge) ENGLISH: Nevada bulrush USES/NOTES: Cheyenne people ate the roots raw. NATURAL RANGE: Western North America REFERENCES: Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Scirpus tabernaemontani C. Gmelin [syn. S. validus Vahl] FAMILY: Cyperaceae (sedge) ENGLISH: great American bulrush, great bulrush, softstem bulrush, tall bulrush, tule USES/NOTES: Young shoots and rootstocks are eaten raw, cooked, or pounded. Pollen and seeds are made into a meal. NATURAL RANGE: North America REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Fernald et al. 1958, Harrington 1967, Harris 1972, Peterson 1977, Yanovsky 1936 Sclerocactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) N. Taylor [syn. Ancistrocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) L. Benson, Ferocactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) N. Taylor, Hamatocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Borg] FAMILY: Cactaceae (cactus) USES/NOTES: Small oblong, brownish red to crimsen fruit is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Western Texas to central Mexico REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Britton and Rose 1963, Kartesz 1994, Mabberley 1987, Martin et al. 1987 Scoparia dulcis L. FAMILY: Scrophulariaceae (figwort or snapdragon) ENGLISH: bitterbroom, broomweed, sweet broom DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 699
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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