Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs FAMILY: Pinaceae (pine) ENGLISH: mountain hemlock USES/NOTES: Native Alaskans used the inner bark for food, young twigs are a spruce beer source, and stems and leaves are a spruce oil source, used to flavor candy. NATURAL RANGE: Western North America REFERENCES: Morton 1976a, Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Tulbaghia violacea Harvey FAMILY: Liliaceae (lily) ENGLISH: society garlic USES/NOTES: Leaves taste like garlic and are used in cooking. Also widely cultivated as an ornamental NATURAL RANGE: South Africa REFERENCES: Facciola 1990 Turnera diffusa Willd. ex J.A. Schultes FAMILY: Turneraceae (turnera) ENGLISH: damiana PORTUGUESE: chanana, damiana SPANISH: damiana, hierba de la pastora, hierba de la venado, pastorata USES/NOTES: Flowers are used in Mexico as a tea susbtitute and to flavor liqueurs known as licor de damiana. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Facciola 1990, Silva et al. 1977, Uphof 1968 Turnera ulmifolia L. FAMILY: Turneraceae (turnera) ENGLISH: damiana, goat dashalong, ram dashalong, yellow alder PORTUGUESE: albina, chanana, turnera-de-folha-olmo SPANISH: damiana USES/NOTES: Leaves may be used like tea or as a flavoring agent. Flowers are medicinal. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Adams 1972, Bailey Hortorium 1976, Facciola 1990, IBGE 1980, Silva et al. 1977 Tunilla soehrensii (Britton & Rose) D.R. Hunt & Iliff [syn. Opuntia boliviensis Backeb., O. soehrensii Britton & Rose Platyopuntia soehrensii (Britton & Rose) F. Ritter] FAMILY: Cactaceae (cactus) SPANISH: aerampu USES/NOTES: Unidentified plant part is used as a food additive in Jujuy Province, Argentina. Tunilla is a young genus that integrates the species of the former Opuntia sub-genus Airampoa. NATURAL RANGE: Andes from Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 780
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs REFERENCES: MBG n.d., Serrano and Terán 2000, Vignale and Gurni 2003 Tussilago farfara L. FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: coltsfoot PORTUGUESE: tussilagem USES/NOTES: Young leaves are used in soup or made into tea, ash from burned leaves is used as a seasoning, leaf extracts are combined with sugar and cooked into coltsfoot candy used as a cough drop. NATURAL RANGE: Eurasia, naturalized elsewhere REFERENCES: Neumann n.d., Peterson 1977, Tomikel 1986, Uphof 1968 Typha angustifolia L. FAMILY: Typhaceae (cattail) ENGLISH: bulrush, lesser bulrush, narrow-leaf cattail, reedmace, small reedmace SPANISH: anea, espandana, totora USES/NOTES: Rootstocks are boiled and eaten like potatoes or made into protein-rich flour used in cattail cookies. Shoots and young leaves are eaten boiled or raw, seeds are eaten roasted, and young flower spikes, pith, and pollen are edible. Has been considered conspecific with T. domingensis. NATURAL RANGE: nearly cosmopolitan apart from polar regions REFERENCES: Bourke et al. 1987, Facciola 1990, Harrington 1967, Morton 1977, Peterson 1977, Schmeda-Hirschmann et al. 1999, Yanovsky 1936 Typha domingensis Pers. FAMILY: Typhaceae (cattail) ENGLISH: bulrush, narrow-leaf cattail, reedmace, southern cattail, tule SPANISH: akho, anea, cheena’, chiena’, chii’na, chi’na, enea, fapu’, jwi’na, nat’a’, na’ate, totora, tule, wa’na, wana’yuk USES/NOTES: Rootstocks are boiled and eaten like potatoes or made into protein-rich flour used in biscuits know as “cattail cookies.” Shoots and young leaves are eaten boiled or raw, seeds are eaten roasted, and young flower spikes, pith, and pollen are edible. Has been considered conspecific with T. angustifolia. NATURAL RANGE: tropics and mild temperate regions REFERENCES: Arenas and Scarpa 2003, Bourke et al. 1987, Breedlove 1986, Facciola 1990, Harrington 1967, Morton 1977, Peterson 1977, Schmeda-Hirschmann et al. 1999, Yanovsky 1936 Typha latifolia L. FAMILY: Typhaceae (cattail) ENGLISH: broadleaf cattail, bulrush, cattail, common cattail, cossack asparagus, reedmace, swamp bulrush PORTUGUESE: amentilho, amento, espadana, partasana, tabua, tifa DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 781
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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