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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kerm<strong>at</strong>h, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in <strong>the</strong> Americs<br />

Humulus lupulus L.<br />

FAMILY: Cannabaceae (cannabis or hemp)<br />

ENGLISH: common hop(s), hop(s)<br />

PORTUGUESE: lúpulo<br />

SPANISH: lúpulo<br />

USES/NOTES: Flowers are <strong>the</strong> hops <strong>of</strong> commerce, used as a condiment or<br />

more importantly added to beer and ale malts. (In botanical terms,<br />

<strong>the</strong> word “hops” refers to <strong>the</strong> plant’s pistill<strong>at</strong>e strobiles.) Young<br />

shoots are edible, and leaves and fruit are used for tea. Also <strong>the</strong><br />

source <strong>of</strong> an edible arom<strong>at</strong>ic oil and a medicinal. Domestic<strong>at</strong>ed in<br />

Europe with <strong>the</strong> brewing <strong>of</strong> hopped beer.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: The plant was domestic<strong>at</strong>ed in Europe and <strong>the</strong> wild forms<br />

present in <strong>the</strong> Americas were ei<strong>the</strong>r n<strong>at</strong>ive or have n<strong>at</strong>uralized from<br />

escapees <strong>of</strong> introduced plants<br />

REFERENCES: Creasy 1982, DeLyser and Kasper 1994, Edwardson 1952,<br />

FNAEC 1997, IBGE 1980, Neve 1976, Parsons 1940, Rehm and Espig<br />

1991, Small 1980<br />

Hydrophyllum appendicul<strong>at</strong>um Michaux<br />

FAMILY: Hydrophyllaceae (w<strong>at</strong>erleaf)<br />

ENGLISH: w<strong>at</strong>erleaf<br />

USES/NOTES: Young shoots are edible.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: Eastern U.S.<br />

REFERENCES: Fernald 1950, Uph<strong>of</strong> 1968<br />

Hydrophyllum canadense L.<br />

FAMILY: Hydrophyllaceae (w<strong>at</strong>erleaf)<br />

ENGLISH: broad-leaved w<strong>at</strong>erleaf, John’s salad, Shawnee salad<br />

USES/NOTES: Shoots and young leaves are e<strong>at</strong>en boiled with one or more<br />

w<strong>at</strong>er changes. Roots are e<strong>at</strong>en as a famine food.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America<br />

REFERENCES: Fernald et al. 1958, Fernald 1950, Peterson 1977, Yanovsky<br />

1936<br />

Hydrophyllum occidentale (S. W<strong>at</strong>son in King) A. Gray<br />

FAMILY: Hydrophyllaceae (w<strong>at</strong>erleaf)<br />

ENGLISH: western squaw lettuce<br />

USES/NOTES: Young leaves are e<strong>at</strong>en in salads.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: Western U.S.<br />

REFERENCES: Munz and Keck 1959, Uph<strong>of</strong> 1968<br />

Hydrophyllum virginianum L.<br />

FAMILY: Hydrophyllaceae (w<strong>at</strong>erleaf)<br />

ENGLISH: Indian salad, John’s cabbage, Shawnee salad, Virginia<br />

w<strong>at</strong>erleaf<br />

USES/NOTES: Shoots and young leaves are e<strong>at</strong>en boiled with one or more<br />

w<strong>at</strong>er changes.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America<br />

DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE<br />

370

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