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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kerm<strong>at</strong>h, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in <strong>the</strong> Americs<br />

REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Kerm<strong>at</strong>h (notes), von Reis Altschul and<br />

Lipp 1982<br />

Viburnum opulus L.<br />

FAMILY: Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle)<br />

ENGLISH: cramp bark, cranberry tree, European cranberry bush,<br />

golden European cranberry, Guelder rose, high-bush cranberry,<br />

snowball viburnum, yellow Guelder rose<br />

USES/NOTES: Fruits, similar to cranberries, though generally bitter<br />

and with hard stones, are used for piquant jellies and sauces.<br />

Yellow-fruited cultivar is used for wine. Bark is medicinal.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: Europe through West Asia to <strong>the</strong> Caucasus, perhaps to<br />

North Africa, sparsely n<strong>at</strong>uralized in North America<br />

REFERENCES: Harris 1972, Hyam and Pankhurst 1995, Peterson 1977,<br />

Simmons 1972, Uph<strong>of</strong> 1968<br />

Viburnum prunifolium L.<br />

FAMILY: Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle)<br />

ENGLISH: blackhaw, rusty blackhaw, sheepberry, smoth blackhaw,<br />

stagbush<br />

USES/NOTES: Highly variable, dark fruits are used in jellies, jams,<br />

and me<strong>at</strong> sauces, or rarely e<strong>at</strong>en out <strong>of</strong> hand. The plant is<br />

occasionally cultiv<strong>at</strong>ed outside its n<strong>at</strong>ive range.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: Eastern North America to central Texas<br />

REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Gibbons 1966, Harrington 1967, Harris<br />

1972, Hyam and Pankhurst 1995, Mabberley 1987, Tomikel 1986, Tull<br />

1978, Uph<strong>of</strong> 1968<br />

Viburnum rufidulum Raf.<br />

FAMILY: Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle)<br />

ENGLISH: blackhaw, blue haw, rusty blackhaw, rusty haw, sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

blackhaw<br />

USES/NOTES: Dark blue to purple fruits are e<strong>at</strong>en out <strong>of</strong> hand, in<br />

jellies, or me<strong>at</strong> sauces.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: Sou<strong>the</strong>stern U.S. to Texas<br />

REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Godfrey 1988, Nelson 1994, Taylor 1998,<br />

Tull 1978<br />

Viburnum trilobum Marshall<br />

FAMILY: Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle)<br />

ENGLISH: American cranberry-bush, crampbark, cranberry bush,<br />

cranberry tree, cranberry viburnum, grouseberry, highbush<br />

cranberry, pembina, pimbina, squawbush, summerberry, tree<br />

cranberry<br />

USES/NOTES: Tart red berries are e<strong>at</strong>en fresh or cooked like<br />

cranberries.<br />

NATURAL RANGE: Canada and <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn U.S.<br />

REFERENCES: Bailey Hortorium 1976, Facciola 1990, Fernald 1950,<br />

Gibbons 1966, Harrington 1967, Peterson 1977, Tomikel 1986,<br />

Turner and Szczawinski 1979, Yanovsky 1936<br />

DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE<br />

801

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