Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs delicious fruit is becoming more commercially important, and will become increasingly more so, as production problems are overcome. Now seen occasionally but more frequently on the world market in specialty fruit juice blends. Grown throughout Amazonia into Venezuela’s upper Orinoco, and on a small scale in southeastern Brazil, coastal Venezuela, and rarely beyond (Costa Rica?). NATURAL RANGE: Eastern Amazonian Brazil REFERENCES: Amazônia em Foco 1989, Bourke et al. 1987, Cavalcante 1991, Chaar 1980, Cid 1978, Duke and Vásquez 1994, IBGE 1980, Kermath (notes), Nazaré et al. 1990, Shanley and Medina 2005, Silva et al. 1977, Smith et al. 1992, Smith et al. 1995, Vásquez and Gentry 1989, Velho et al. 1990, Venturieri 1993, Venturieri et al. 1986/1987 Theobroma microcarpa Mart. [seen also as T. microcarpum Mart.] FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cabeça-de-urubu, cacau-jacaré, cacau-rana, cacaurana USES/NOTES: Seeds of the small deeply ribbed fruit pods can be made into chocolate and fruit pulp is edible. Brücher says that the fruit is not used. Cultivated beyond its natural range in Belém, Brazil and likely elsewhere. NATURAL RANGE: Western Amazonian Brazil (Acre and Amazonas) and adjacent Colombia in the Caqueta valley REFERENCES: Brücher 1989, Martin et al. 1987, Shanley and Medina 2005, Smith et al. 1992, UFA/NYBG n.d., Uphof 1968 Theobroma obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cabeça-de-drunu, cabeça-de-urubu, cacau-de-macaco, cacaurana SPANISH: cacao del monte, cacauhillo, ushpa cacao USES/NOTES: Seeds and pulp are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Western Amazonia REFERENCES: Duke and Vásquez 1994, Martin et al. 1987, Salick 1992, Shanley and Medina 2005 Theobroma pentagonum Bernoulli FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) ENGLISH: cacao PORTUGUESE: cacau SPANISH: caimán, cacao de Nicaragua, cacao lagarto, lagarto USES/NOTES: Fruit pulp is eaten and seeds are a chocolate source. NATURAL RANGE: Central America REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987, OAS 1973, Uphof 1968 Theobroma purpureum Pittier FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) SPANISH: cacao de mico USES/NOTES: Seeds are edible and the source of a bitter-tasting beverage. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 762
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs NATURAL RANGE: Central America REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987, Uphof 1968 Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Sprengel [syn.T. angustifolium DC.] FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cacaubraba, cacauí, cacaurana, cacauú SPANISH: cacao cimarrón, cacao mica, cacao sacha, cacao silvestre, chocolate, chocolatillo, macambo, majambo, nohotë USES/NOTES: Seeds have been, and perhaps still are regionally important as a quality cocoa source, pulp is sucked off the seeds as a refreshing snack or made into a tasty beverage, and flowers are eaten occasionally. Fruit is more round than most Theobroma species. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonia to Central America and perhaps southern Mexico REFERENCES: Balée 1989, Boom 1987, Brücher 1989, Cavalcante 1991, Silva et al. 1977, Shanley and Medina 2005, Smith et al. 1992, Soukup 1970, Uphof 1968 Theobroma spruceana Bernoulli FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cacau-azul USES/NOTES: Fruit pulp and seeds are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Brazil REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987 Theobroma stipulatum Cautrec. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cacau SPANISH: cacao, chocolate USES/NOTES: Fruit pulp is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Colombia REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987 Theobroma subincanum Mart. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cacau-rana, cupuaí, cupuí, cupurana SPANISH: cacahuillo, cacao de monte, cacao macambillo, cacao silvestre, macambillo, macambo sacha USES/NOTES: Similar to T. grandiflorum and T. canumanense, though smaller and less aromatic, pulp is edible, and seeds yield an inferior cocoa. Pod’s outer bark is hallucinogenic and sometimes powdered and mixed with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). NATURAL RANGE: Amazonia REFERENCES: Bennett et al. 2001, Cavalcante 1991, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Silva et al. 1977 Theobroma sylvestris Aublet ex Mart. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Sterculiaceae (chocolate) PORTUGUESE: cacau-azul, cacau-da-mata, cacauí DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 763
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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