Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Canna indica L. [syn. C. coccinea Miller, C. edulis Ker-Gawler] [also C. paniculata Ruiz & Pavón] FAMILY: Cannaceae (canna) ENGLISH: achira, Australian arrowroot, canna lily, edible canna, Indian shot, purple arrowroot, Queensland arrowroot, Spanish arrowroot, tous les mois (refers to the starch), wild tapioca PORTUGUESE: araruta bastarda, bananeirinha, bandua de uribe, berg, bery, birú manso, imbrig, imbiry, merú SPANISH: acher, achera, achinachinata, achira, achira cimarrona (C. paniculata), adeira, adura, anchera, araruta bastarda, atsera, bandera, bandera de uribe, cañaacoros, capacho, chisgua, chisqua, gruya, imocona, kaska, luano, maraca, piriquitoya, platanillo, punyapong, sugú, tikas, tolumán USES/NOTES: Edible rhizomes are rich in starch, called tous les mois. The plant is medicinal, grown as a forage plant, and ornamental. C. paniculata, with similar common names, also is edible, medicinal, and ornamental. C. indica pre-dates maize (Zea mays) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) as a cultivated plant in coastal Peru. NATURAL RANGE: Mid-elevations of the tropical Andes REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Estrella 1991, Facciola 1990, Kartesz 1994, Kay 1973, León 1987, Mabberley 1987, Naranjo 1991, Purseglove 1972, Sauer 1952, Sturtevant 1969, Ugent et al. 1984, Yamaguchi 1983 Canna lutea Miller FAMILY: Cannaceae (canna) SPANISH: k’uuwaap, tabil USES/NOTES: Rhizomes are eaten as an emergency food and leaves are used to wrap tamales. NATURAL RANGE: Mexico to tropical South America REFERENCES: Alcorn 1984 Cannabis sativa L. FAMILY: Cannabaceae (cannabis or hemp) ENGLISH: cannabis, cannabis sativa, dope, ganja, grass, hash, hashish, hemp, marihuana, marijuana, maryjane, pot, weed PORTUGUESE: atchi, birra, cânhamo, cânhamo-da-Índia, diamba, diambo, fumo-d’Angola, haxixe, liamba, liambo, maconha, moconha SPANISH: canac, cáñamo, churras, hachich, hachís, haschich, henequén europeo, mariguana, marihuana, marijuana, zacate inglés USES/NOTES: The illegal marijuana of commerce. Stem fiber of some varieties is the hemp of commerce. Though rarely eaten, nutritious seeds are high in protein and Omega alpha-linolenic acids and may be added to baked goods and cereals, and have appeared as a healthy powdered condiment; seed oil has industrial uses and can be used in foods; though rarely eaten, leaves and flower buds are prepared as tea or smoked for their psychoactive properties, and are used as a medicinal and ceremonial psychoactive drug by traditional peoples; flower resin is smoked as a psychoactive drug. Though illegal in most places, the plant also has medicinal uses for treating DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 150
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and the nausea of chemotherapy. Taxonomic uncertainty exists: C. sativa subsp. indica (Lam.) Small & Cronq. (C. indica Lam.) has been applied to plants with higher levels of the intoxicant delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. NATURAL RANGE: Asia, widely cultivated and naturalized in the Americas REFERENCES: Carneiro Martins 1989, Comitos 1975, de Gámez 1973, Duke 1986, Duke 1992, Fernald et al. 1958, FNAEC 1997, Harrington 1967, Kermath (notes), Kirk 1970, León 1987, Mabberley 1987, OAS 1973, Purseglove 1968, Rubin 1975, Sturtevant 1972, Usher 1974 Capparis spinosa L. FAMILY: Brassicaceae (brassica) or Capparidaceae (caper) ENGLISH: caper, capers, common caperbush PORTUGUESE: alcaparra SPANISH: alcaparra, alcaparrera, alcaparro, alcaparrón USES/NOTES: Flower buds are the capers of commerce, typically pickled or used as a condiment. Berries can be eaten pickled, and young sprouts are eaten cooked. Infrequently cultivated in the Americas. NATURAL RANGE: Mediterranean Africa, perhaps to Mediterranean Europe REFERENCES: Bianchini and Corbetta 1976, Bourke et al. 1987, Creasy 1982, Guia Rural n.d., IBGE 1980, Mabberley 1987, Rehm and Espig 1991, Uphof 1968 Capirona decordicans Spruce [syn. Loretoa peruviana Standley] FAMILY: Rubiaceae (coffee or madder) PORTUGUESE: escorrega-macaco, mamalu, mamaluco, mamaluco-escorregamacaco, mulateiro-escorrega-macaco, pau-mulato-da-terra-firme SPANISH: meto huayo USES/NOTES: Nut is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonian Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil REFERENCES: Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Macbride 1936, Pinedo-Vásquez et al. 1992, Rankin de Mérona et al. 1992, Renner et al. 1990, UFA/NYBG n.d. Capraria biflora L. FAMILY: Scrophulariaceae (figwort or snapdragon) ENGLISH: goatweed, Jamaica tea, West Indian tea, wild tea PORTUGUESE: balsaminha, chá-bravo, chá-da-América, chá-da-terra, cháde-Marajó, mate SPANISH: savadilla, té de santa maría, té del país USES/NOTES: Leaves are used for tea. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics and subtropics from Florida and Texas through the Bahamas, the West Indies, and Central America to Bolivia REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Facciola 1990, Grupo de Comunicação Três 1998, UFA/NYBG n.d., von Reis Altschul 1973 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus FAMILY: Cruciferae (mustard) or Brassicaceae (brassica) ENGLISH: Chinese cress, lady’s purse, salt-and-pepper, shepherd’s purse, water chestnut vegetable DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 151
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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