Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs Calathea lutea Schultes FAMILY: Marantaceae (arrowroot) ENGLISH: calathea PORTUGUESE: cauassu SPANISH: bijagüa, bijao, cauasú, hoja blanca, hoja de verijado, tirita, urwa gassib USES/NOTES: Young leaves are used as a spice. Cooked roots are medicinal. Leaf undersides produce cauassu wax, similar to carnaúba wax from Copernica prunifera. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics likely including Peru and Brazil north to Colombia and the Antilles and perhaps Central America and southern Mexico REFERENCES: Adams 1972, Brücher 1989, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Ibarra- Manríquez et al. 1997, Kennedy et al. 1988, Mabberley 1987, MBG n.d., Schultes 1979b Calendula officinalis L. FAMILY: Asteraceae or Compositae (aster, composite, or sunflower) ENGLISH: calendula, common marigold, pot marigold, ruddles, scotch marigold PORTUGUESE: calêndula, malmequer SPANISH: caléndula, caléndula oficinal, caldo, chuncho, maravilla, maravillosa, mercadela, uchu k’aspa, virreina USES/NOTES: Flowers are edible and are consumed dried to aid in digestion or as a stimulant. Also used to color butter and thicken soups. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Europe to the Middle East REFERENCES: Accorsi et al. n.d., Bourke et al. 1987, Creasy 1990, Duke n.d., Franquemont et al. 1990, Mabberley 1987, Sanecki 1974, Usher 1974 Calla palustris L. FAMILY: Araceae (arum or aroid) ENGLISH: bog arum, calla, calla lily, water arum, water dragon, wild calla, wild dragon USES/NOTES: Starchy rhizomes are mashed and dried for a long period of time, then used for bread. Dried seeds may also be used for bread, young leaves can be eaten boiled, and berries are said to be edible. The plant contains calcium oxalate crystals, which irritate the skin and can cause death if ingested in large quantities. Thus, care must be taken in handling the plant and proper preparation must precede eating. NATURAL RANGE: Bogs, swamps, and water body margins of north temperate regions – from eastern Canada and northeastern U.S. to Alaska in the Americas REFERENCES: Cody 2000, Coffey 1993, Fernald 1950, Fernald et al. 1958, Mabberley 1987, Plowman 1969, Schofield 1989, Tomikel 1986 Callicarpa americana L. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 138
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs FAMILY: Verbenaceae (verbena) ENGLISH: American beauty-berry, beauty berry, beautyberry, beautybush, Bermuda mulberry, French mulberry, sour berry, sow berry, Spanish mulberry USES/NOTES: Tiny, magenta (rarely white) drupes, which cluster around petioles, may be eaten out of hand or preserved. Out of hand, the fruits are often flavorless to astringent at times and often mealy. Leaves of the Japanese species (Callicarpa japonica) are used for tea. Recent literature suggests possible placement in the mint family (Labiatae or Lamiaceae). NATURAL RANGE: Eastern U.S. from Maryland, to Florida, to Texas, northeastern Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and parts of Cuba REFERENCES: Godfrey 1988, Kermath (notes), Martin et al. 1987, Nelson 1994, Taylor 1998, Watkins and Sheehan 1975 Callicarpa japonica L. FAMILY: Verbenaceae (verbena) ENGLISH: Japanese beautyberry, Japanese callicarpa USES/NOTES: Although cultivated as an ornamental in the Americas, the leaves are used for tea in Japan. The cultivated variety “leucocarpa” produces white fruit instead of magenta. Recent literature suggests possible placement in the mint family (Labiatae or Lamiaceae). NATURAL RANGE: Japan and China perhaps to Korea, naturalized in North Carolina REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, PFAF n.d. Callirhoe digitata Nutt. FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow) ENGLISH: fringed poppy mallow, winecups USES/NOTES: Amerindians ate the roots. NATURAL RANGE: Southern U.S. REFERENCES: Hyam and Pankhurst 1995, Mabberley 1987, Uphof 1968, Yanovsky 1936 Callirhoe involucrata (Nutt. ex Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow) ENGLISH: buffalo rose, finger poppy-mallow, low poppy-mallow, purple poppy-mallow, winecups USES/NOTES: Roots are eaten like sweet potatoes and leaves are used to thicken soups. NATURAL RANGE: Central North America from south-central Canada and North Dakota through Texas into Mexico and west to Utah, naturalized in Florida and elsewhere REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Fernald 1950, Hyam and Pankhurst 1995, Kindscher 1987, Yanovsky 1936 Calochortus aureus S. Watson [once considered conspecific with C. nuttallii (Bailey Hortorium)] FAMILY: Calochortaceae (mariposa lily) or Liliaceae (lily) DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 139
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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