Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs REFERENCES: Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Cavalcante 1991, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Jørgensen and León-Yánez 1999, Martin et al. 1987, Silva et al. 1977, Smith et al. 1992 Couma guatemalensis Standley FAMILY: Apocynaceae (dogbane) USES/NOTES: Latex has been used as a chewing gum base. NATURAL RANGE: Central America REFERENCES: Uphof 1968 Couma guianensis Aublet FAMILY: Apocynaceae (dogbane) ENGLISH: star apple PORTUGUESE: sorva SPANISH: poirier de la Guiana, sorva USES/NOTES: Fruits are edible and latex is used locally. NATURAL RANGE: Guiana and northern Brazil REFERENCES: Cavalcante 1991, Johnston and Colquhoun 1996, Mabberley 1987, Martin et al. 1987, Uphof 1987 Couma macrocarpa Barb. Rodr. FAMILY: Apocynaceae (dogbane) ENGLISH: cow tree, milk tree, sorb, sorva, sorva gum, sowa PORTUGUESE: cumã, cumã-açu, omnamshifi, sorva, sorva-da-mata, sorva-grande SPANISH: árbol de leche, aso, avichuri, capirona, chicle, fransoca, juansoco, leche caspi, leche huayo, osurba, palo de vaca, perillo, pero, popa USES/NOTES: Latex is used as a chewing gum base and sweet fruits are occasionally sold in local markets. Sorva latex is economically important in portions of South America, especially Amazonia, and has captured a small, though not insignificant, percentage of the international chewing gum market from Manilkara zapota. NATURAL RANGE: Amazonia REFERENCES: Arkoll 1986, Bourke et al. 1987, Cavalcante 1991, Duke and Vásquez 1994, Kermath (notes), Nations 1992, Padoch and de Jong 1991, Rehm and Espig 1991, Silva et al. 1977, Soukup 1970, Usher 1974, Vásquez and Gentry 1989, von Reis Altschul and Lipp 1982 Couma rigida Müell. Arg. FAMILY: Apocynaceae (dogbane) PORTUGUESE: itapeuá USES/NOTES: Fruit is edible. NATURAL RANGE: Brazil and Venezuela REFERENCES: Martin et al. 1987 Couma utilis (Mart.) Müell. Arg. [syn. C. dulcis Spruce] FAMILY: Apocynaceae (dogbane) DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 234
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs PORTUGUESE: couma, cumã, huansoco, sorva, sorva-miuda, sorvapequena, sorvarana, sorvinha SPANISH: couma, juansoco, leche caspi USES/NOTES: Small, sweet, green fruits are sold in western and central Amazonian markets, frequently tied in bunches to small sticks. Latex is used as a chewing gum base, sold as leche caspi in Peru, juansoco in Colombia, and sorva in Brazil. Also planted in urban environments for its attractive flowers. NATURAL RANGE: Brazil REFERENCES: Cavalcante 1991, Kermath (notes), León 1987, Martin et al. 1987, Silva et al. 1977, UFA/NYBG n.d. Couroupita guianensis Aublet subsp. surinamensis (Mart.) Eyma [syn. C. surinamensis Mart.] FAMILY: Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut) ENGLISH: cannonball tree PORTUGUESE: castanha-de-macaco, coité-de-macaco SPANISH: ayahuma, coco de mono, coco hediondo, mamey hediondo, muco, mucurutú, taparo de monte, taparón USES/NOTES: Seeds and the unpleasant-smelling pulp of the large fruits (to 20cm) reportedly are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Northern Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela REFERENCES: Duke and Vásquez 1994, FUDENA n.d., Martin et al. 1987, Mori and Prance 1990, Silva et al. 1977, UFA/NYBG n.d. Couroupita subsessilis Pilger FAMILY: Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut) SPANISH: ayahuma USES/NOTES: Fruits reportedly are edible. NATURAL RANGE: Brazil and Peru REFERENCES: Duke and Vásquez 1994, Martin et al. 1987, Mori and Prance 1990 Coussarea brevicaulis Krause FAMILY: Rubiaceae (coffee or madder) PORTUGUESE: bacuri, casca-doce, João-mole SPANISH: omancomo, supinin USES/NOTES: Yellow fruits are eaten by the Waorani and Shuar of eastern Ecuador and reported as edible in Acre, Brazil. NATURAL RANGE: Tropical South America REFERENCES: Bennett et al. 2001, Davis and Yost 1983, UFA/NYBG n.d. Cowania mexicana D. Don FAMILY: Rosaceae (rose) ENGLISH: cliffrose, quinine bush USES/NOTES: Large, evergreen shrub’s leaves have been used for tea. NATURAL RANGE: Western North America REFERENCES: Facciola 1990, Kirk 1970 Craniolaria annua L. DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 235
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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