Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs SPANISH: ceibillo, pochote USES/NOTES: Seeds and fruit pulp are eaten roasted or boiled. NATURAL RANGE: Mexico’s Yucatán through Central America REFERENCES: Breedlove 1986, Facciola 1990, Martin et al. 1987, Niembro Rocas 1993, Uphof 1968, Williams 1981 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner [syn. C. occidentalis (Spreng.) Burkill, Bombax pentandrum L., Eriodendron anfractuosum DC.] FAMILY: Malvaceae (mallow), previously Bombacaceae (silk-cotton) ENGLISH: ceiba, kapok, kapok tree, silk cotton tree, silk cottonwood PORTUGUESE: kapok, paina, sumaúma, sumaúma-verdadeira, sumaumeira SPANISH: árbol capoc, barrigón, bonga, capoc, capoca, capoquero, ceiba, ceiba de lana, ceiba yuca, ceibo, ceibón, cumaca, habillo, huimba, idu, igarwala, jabillo, kapoc, kapok, lupona, lupona blanca, lupuna, lupuna blanca, miraguano, murules, palo santo, parana, pasayo, pochote, puto, saquisaqui, toborochi USES/NOTES: Young leaves of this massive rainforest canopy emergent species are edible, young fruits are eaten cooked and mashed, and seeds from the ripe fruit pods contain an edible oil, which is also used in soaps and burned for illumination. Large fruit pods contain kapok, a silky fiber used for insulation, to stuff mattresses and life preservers, and to tie blowguns together. Trunks occasionally are used for dugout canoes. In some regions, a wrap made from the tree is placed around trunks of fruit trees to guard against leafeating ants. Ceiba pentandra is the source of the kapok of commerce, the national tree of Guatemala, and is an icon in the humid tropics for its tremendous vertical reach (50m to 65m occasionally), huge spreading crown (to 45m in diameter), and massive buttresses. Considered sacred and of the spirit world by some cultures, kapok trees are called “God trees” and “devil trees” in parts of the Caribbean and “jumbie trees” in parts of Guyana – a “jumbie” is a ghost-like spirit rooted in African traditions. NATURAL RANGE: Although nearly pan-tropical under favorable conditions today, exact diffusion mechanisms (natural and human) from probable Neotropical (perhaps Central American), though less likely African origin remain unclear REFERENCES: Brako and Zarucchi 1993, Duke 1986, Duke and Vásquez 1994, FUDENA n.d., Gómez-Beloz 2002, Kermath (notes), León 1987, Mabberley 1987, Martin and Rubarté 1979, MBG n.d., OAS 1973, Silva et al. 1977 Celastrus scandens L. FAMILY: Celastraceae (spindle tree) ENGLISH: American bittersweet, bittersweet, climbing bittersweet, false bittersweet, staff-vine, waxwork SPANISH: falsa dulcamara USES/NOTES: Bark, twigs, and cambium of this spreading deciduous vine were eaten in times of food scarcity. Today leafless bittersweet stems bearing brightly colored, persistent yellowish-red to DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 176
Kermath, Bennett and Pulsipher - Food Plants in the Americs reddish-orange fruit are harvested in the fall for use in home decorations. The fruit and uncooked plant parts are poisonous. NATURAL RANGE: All U.S. states east of the Rockies except Florida and perhaps New Mexico and in southern Canada from Quebec to Saskatchewan and perhaps Alberta REFERENCES: Dillingham 1907, Fernald 1950, Moerman 1998, Yanovsky 1936 Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. [syn. C. pallida Torrey, C. sellowiana Miq., C. spinosa var. pallida (Torrey) M.C. Johnston, C. tala Gillies ex Planchon, C. tala var. pallida (Torrey) Planchon] FAMILY: Celtidaceae (celtis) or Ulmaceae (elm) ENGLISH: desert hackberry, spiny desert hackberry, spiny hackberry SPANISH: acébuche, garabato, granjeno, latón, satajche, tala USES/NOTES: Flowers are used in honey production and fruits are edible. Wood is used for fence posts. NATURAL RANGE: Southern Arizona, New Mexico, southern Florida, and Texas through Mexico, Central America, and South America to northern Argentina REFERENCES: Berg and Dahlberg 2001, FNAEC 1997, Leung 1961, Martin et al. 1987, Nee n.d., Romanczuk 1987, Usher 1974, von Reis Altschul and Lipp 1982, Weatherford 1988, Zuloaga 1997 Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. [syn. C. boliviensis Planchon, C. brasiliensis (Gardner) Planchon, C. morifolia Planchon, C. pubescens Spreng., C. spinosa Sprengel] FAMILY: Celtidaceae (celtis) or Ulmaceae (elm) ENGLISH: hackberry, iguana hackberry, snaky PORTUGUESE: cipó-farinha-seca, grapia SPANISH: azufaifo, barimiso, bejuco cagalero, bejuco espino del diablo, berraco, cagalera, cagalero, cali cali, cali cali casha, casha huasca, chichapí, gallito, gavilán, granjeiro, guacharaguero, guarabato blanco, madroño, marimiso, maíz tostado, meloncito blanco, mogroño, palo blanco, raspador, rina de gato, rompecaite, satajchi, satasche, surrumbo, uña de gato, urcu quiru USES/NOTES: Mature fruits are edible, medicinal, and used in curare preparations. NATURAL RANGE: Neotropics, possibly to southern Florida, though unconfirmed REFERENCES: Bennett et al. 2001, Berg and Dahlberg 2001, Boom 1989, Carauta 1974, d’Eeckenbrugge and Ferla 2000, Duke n.d., Duke and Vásquez 1994, FNAEC 1997, Martin et al. 1987, MBG n.d., Nee n.d., UFA/NYBG n.d. Celtis laevigata Willd. FAMILY: Celtidaceae (celtis) or Ulmaceae (elm) ENGLISH: hackberry, Mississippi hackberry, southern hackberry, sugarberry SPANISH: latón, palo blanco DRAFT - DO NOT DUPLICATE OR DISTRIBUTE 177
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Abelmoschus esculentus (L - the University of Maine at Fort Kent

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