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kısım 1 temel kalp yetersizliği - Rasim Enar

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Nörohormonal Kalp Yetersizliği ve Sol Ventrikülün Yeniden Biçimlenmesi (Remodeling) 171<br />

şimler, konjestif <strong>kalp</strong> yetersizliğinin tedavisinde<br />

önemli bir unsurdur. Bu hastalarda ACEİ nin yararlılığı<br />

onaylanmıştır. Anjiotensin reseptor antagonistlerinin<br />

de aynı şekilde ispatlanmıştır.<br />

• Son olarak RALES çalışması, konjestif <strong>kalp</strong> yetersizliği<br />

hastalarında ACEİ ve kıvrım diüretikleri ile<br />

kombine edilen aldosteron reseptor antagonistlerinin<br />

etkinliğini gösteren güçlü kanıtlar sağlamıştır.<br />

KAYNAKLAR<br />

1. Davis JO. The physiology of congestive heart failure. In:<br />

Hamilton WF, ed. Handbook of physiology: a critical, comprehensive<br />

presentation of physiological knowledge and<br />

concepts. Section 2. Circulation. Vol. 3. Washington, D.C.:<br />

American Physiological Society, 1965:2071-122.<br />

2. Coppage WS Jr, Island DP, Cooner AE, Liddle GW. The metabolism<br />

of aldosterone in normal subjects and in patients<br />

with hepatic cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 1962;41:1672-80.<br />

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corticoid (aldosterone) in the urine of children<br />

and adults in relation to sodium balance and edema. J Clin<br />

Invest 1954;33:1441-6.<br />

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interstitium:fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone<br />

system. Circulation 1991;83:1849-65.<br />

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Card Fail 1996;2:47-54.<br />

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on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe<br />

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7. Harris P. Evolution and the cardiac patient. Cardiovasc Res<br />

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8. Smith HW. Renal physiology. In: Fishman AP, Richards<br />

DW, eds. Circulation of the blood: men and ideas. New<br />

York: Oxford University Press, 1964:545-606.<br />

9. Harris P. Evolution and the cardiac patient. Cardiovasc Res<br />

1983;17:437-45.<br />

10. Nishimura H. Comparative endocrinology of renin and<br />

angiotensin. In: Johnson JA, Anderson RR, eds. The reninangiotensin<br />

system. Vol. 130 of Advances in experimental<br />

medicine and biology. New York: Plenum Press, 1980:29-77.<br />

11. Villarreal D, Freeman RH. ’Til death do us part: a case of<br />

failed affection. Cardiovasc Res 1995;30:27-30.<br />

12. Cohen EL, Conn JW, Rovner DR. Postural augmentation of<br />

plasma renin activity and aldosterone excretion in normal<br />

people. J Clin Invest 1967;46:418-28.<br />

13. Tobian L. Interrelationship of electrolytes, juxtaglomerular<br />

cells and hypertension. Physiol Rev 1960;40:280-312.<br />

14. Silva P, Brown RS, Epstein FH. Adaptation to potassium.<br />

Kidney Int 1977;11:466-75.<br />

15. Sealey JE, Laragh JH. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone<br />

system for normal regulation of blood pressure and sodium<br />

and potassium homeostasis. In: Laragh JH, Brenner<br />

BM, eds. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and<br />

management. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Raven Press, 1995:<br />

1763-96.<br />

16. Liddle GW. Physiology of aldosterone. In: Addison GM,<br />

Wirenfeldt Asmussen N, Corvol P, et al., eds. Aldosterone<br />

antagonists in clinical medicine. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica,<br />

1978:91-7.<br />

17. Okubo S, Niimura F, Nishimura H, et al. Angiotensin-independent<br />

mechanism for aldosterone synthesis during<br />

chronic extracellular fluid volume depletion. J Clin Invest<br />

1997;99:855-60.<br />

18. Vaughan DE, Lazos SA, Tong K. Angiotensin II regulates the<br />

expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured<br />

endothelial cells: a potential link between the renin-angiotensin<br />

system and thrombosis. J Clin Invest 1995;95: 995-1001.<br />

19. Weber KT. Hormones and fibrosis: a case for lost reciprocal<br />

regulation. News Physiol Sci 1994;9:123-8.<br />

Okunulması Tavsiye Edilen Kaynaklar<br />

20. Weber KT. Aldosterone ın congestive heart failure.NEJM<br />

2001;345 1689-97<br />

21. Krishna K. Gaddam M, Eduardo P, Saima H, and David<br />

AC.Aldosterone and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Probl<br />

Cardiol 2009;34:51-84.<br />

22. Thierry HL, Claudia S. Vasopressin dysregulation: Hyponatremia,<br />

fluid retention and congestive heart failure. International<br />

Journal of Cardiology 120 (2007) 1–9<br />

23. Jessup M, Brozena S. Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2003;348:<br />

2007-18.

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