kısım 1 temel kalp yetersizliÄi - Rasim Enar
kısım 1 temel kalp yetersizliÄi - Rasim Enar
kısım 1 temel kalp yetersizliÄi - Rasim Enar
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Nörohormonal Kalp Yetersizliği ve Sol Ventrikülün Yeniden Biçimlenmesi (Remodeling) 171<br />
şimler, konjestif <strong>kalp</strong> yetersizliğinin tedavisinde<br />
önemli bir unsurdur. Bu hastalarda ACEİ nin yararlılığı<br />
onaylanmıştır. Anjiotensin reseptor antagonistlerinin<br />
de aynı şekilde ispatlanmıştır.<br />
• Son olarak RALES çalışması, konjestif <strong>kalp</strong> yetersizliği<br />
hastalarında ACEİ ve kıvrım diüretikleri ile<br />
kombine edilen aldosteron reseptor antagonistlerinin<br />
etkinliğini gösteren güçlü kanıtlar sağlamıştır.<br />
KAYNAKLAR<br />
1. Davis JO. The physiology of congestive heart failure. In:<br />
Hamilton WF, ed. Handbook of physiology: a critical, comprehensive<br />
presentation of physiological knowledge and<br />
concepts. Section 2. Circulation. Vol. 3. Washington, D.C.:<br />
American Physiological Society, 1965:2071-122.<br />
2. Coppage WS Jr, Island DP, Cooner AE, Liddle GW. The metabolism<br />
of aldosterone in normal subjects and in patients<br />
with hepatic cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 1962;41:1672-80.<br />
3. Luetscher JA Jr, Johnson BB. Observations on the sodiumretaining<br />
corticoid (aldosterone) in the urine of children<br />
and adults in relation to sodium balance and edema. J Clin<br />
Invest 1954;33:1441-6.<br />
4. Weber KT, Brilla CG. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac<br />
interstitium:fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone<br />
system. Circulation 1991;83:1849-65.<br />
5. Struthers AD. Aldosterone escape during angiotensin-converting<br />
enzyme inhibitor therapy in chronic heart failure. J<br />
Card Fail 1996;2:47-54.<br />
6. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone<br />
on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe<br />
heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709-17.<br />
7. Harris P. Evolution and the cardiac patient. Cardiovasc Res<br />
1983;17:373-8.<br />
8. Smith HW. Renal physiology. In: Fishman AP, Richards<br />
DW, eds. Circulation of the blood: men and ideas. New<br />
York: Oxford University Press, 1964:545-606.<br />
9. Harris P. Evolution and the cardiac patient. Cardiovasc Res<br />
1983;17:437-45.<br />
10. Nishimura H. Comparative endocrinology of renin and<br />
angiotensin. In: Johnson JA, Anderson RR, eds. The reninangiotensin<br />
system. Vol. 130 of Advances in experimental<br />
medicine and biology. New York: Plenum Press, 1980:29-77.<br />
11. Villarreal D, Freeman RH. ’Til death do us part: a case of<br />
failed affection. Cardiovasc Res 1995;30:27-30.<br />
12. Cohen EL, Conn JW, Rovner DR. Postural augmentation of<br />
plasma renin activity and aldosterone excretion in normal<br />
people. J Clin Invest 1967;46:418-28.<br />
13. Tobian L. Interrelationship of electrolytes, juxtaglomerular<br />
cells and hypertension. Physiol Rev 1960;40:280-312.<br />
14. Silva P, Brown RS, Epstein FH. Adaptation to potassium.<br />
Kidney Int 1977;11:466-75.<br />
15. Sealey JE, Laragh JH. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone<br />
system for normal regulation of blood pressure and sodium<br />
and potassium homeostasis. In: Laragh JH, Brenner<br />
BM, eds. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and<br />
management. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Raven Press, 1995:<br />
1763-96.<br />
16. Liddle GW. Physiology of aldosterone. In: Addison GM,<br />
Wirenfeldt Asmussen N, Corvol P, et al., eds. Aldosterone<br />
antagonists in clinical medicine. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica,<br />
1978:91-7.<br />
17. Okubo S, Niimura F, Nishimura H, et al. Angiotensin-independent<br />
mechanism for aldosterone synthesis during<br />
chronic extracellular fluid volume depletion. J Clin Invest<br />
1997;99:855-60.<br />
18. Vaughan DE, Lazos SA, Tong K. Angiotensin II regulates the<br />
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured<br />
endothelial cells: a potential link between the renin-angiotensin<br />
system and thrombosis. J Clin Invest 1995;95: 995-1001.<br />
19. Weber KT. Hormones and fibrosis: a case for lost reciprocal<br />
regulation. News Physiol Sci 1994;9:123-8.<br />
Okunulması Tavsiye Edilen Kaynaklar<br />
20. Weber KT. Aldosterone ın congestive heart failure.NEJM<br />
2001;345 1689-97<br />
21. Krishna K. Gaddam M, Eduardo P, Saima H, and David<br />
AC.Aldosterone and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Probl<br />
Cardiol 2009;34:51-84.<br />
22. Thierry HL, Claudia S. Vasopressin dysregulation: Hyponatremia,<br />
fluid retention and congestive heart failure. International<br />
Journal of Cardiology 120 (2007) 1–9<br />
23. Jessup M, Brozena S. Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2003;348:<br />
2007-18.