Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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76 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production 4. Present output of small groups to the big group. Conduct participatory discussion to allow sharing of experiences among participants. Relate soil water holding capacity to abundance of soil organisms, soil organic matter content, and soil nutrient availability and crop productivity. 5. Synthesize and summarize output of the small groups into one big group output. Draw up conclusions and recommendation from this exercise. some suggested questions for processing discussion ❏ What do we mean by soil water holding capacity? ❏ Which soil sample drained faster? Which soil sample drained more water? ❏ Which soil samples exhibited the highest water holding capacity? Which soil samples exhibited the lowest water holding capacity? ❏ What physical, chemical, and biological soil characteristics were related to high water holding capacity? ❏ Did you observe differences in the kind and number of organisms in soils exhibiting different water holding capacities? ❏ Do you think there will be differences in performance (e.g., plant growth, development, and yield) of crops to be grown in soils of different water holding capacities? ❏ What do you think is the role of soil water holding capacity on the abundance of soil organisms, soil organic matter content, soil nutrient availability, and crop productivity? ❏ How do you maintain or increase soil water holding capacity?
Section 3 • Living Soil, Integrated Soil Nutrient and Crop Managements Exercise No. 3.07 58 COMPOSTING 59 AS A SOIL AND WEED MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE Many farmers believe that weeds are a problem in organic vegetable production because they do not only compete with crops for nutrient uptake but also harbor some pests. This is also one reason why farmers, during land clearing and preparation, will either throw or burn weeds. Unknown to most of them are the many benefits that can be derived from weeds when they are used or managed properly. Using and managing weeds properly will ease burden on lack of fertilizers, improve soil structure, and encourage soil microbial activity, which will eventually lead to improved soil fertility and productivity. One way of doing this is by weed composting. Composting involves decomposition of organic materials to form small bits of organic matter called compost. The whole process is done by decomposers that use organic matter as source of energy for their growth and reproduction. Majority of decomposers are microorganisms. Macro-organisms such as earthworm, termite, and other insects also contribute in breaking down organic materials. Therefore, two requirements for process to occur are: (1) composting materials and (2) decomposers. Microorganisms prefer materials that are high in nitrogen (N), such as weeds and crop residues. Materials high in N are also easier to break down. The more decomposers present, the faster is the decomposition process. The soil-borne fungus Trichoderma harzianum is now locally available. If applied to compost materials, it can shorten composting process from four months to only 3-5 weeks. This microorganism is now mass-cultured and mass distributed to farmers. Such innovative strategies can be shared and enriched by farmers and facilitators in FFSs to improve current practices through participatory, discovery-based, and experiential learning approaches, hence this exercise. 58 Adapted from Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp76-79. 59 Bautista, O.K. (ed.). 1994. Introduction to Tropical Horticulture. 2 nd Edition, SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture and University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines. pp284-294. 77 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, before or immediately after weeding operations in learning field; and ɶ When farmers want to learn from other farmers some innovative composting process for weeds and other crop residues.
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Acknowledgement iv Field Guide of D
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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Page 66 and 67: Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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Page 76 and 77: Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Page 84 and 85: Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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materials 128 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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some suggested questions for proces
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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(d) Collection and Use of NPV-infec
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ate of release: 226 Field Guide of
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Exercise No. 4.14 155 FIELD-COLLECT
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INTEGRATED RODENT MANAGEMENT 240 Fi
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Biological Methods: 250 Field Guide
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Section 5 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGE
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Exercise No. 5.01 174 DISEASE TRIAN
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Exercise No. 5.02 176 SIMULATION EX
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Exercise No. 5.05 182 SAP TRANSMISS
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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TRE
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5. Draw up conclusions and recommen
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Exercise No. 5.08 187 USING RAISED
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Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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