Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TREATMENT AS A CONTROL STRATEGY AGAINST SOIL-BORNE DISEASES OF ORGANICALLY- GROWN VEGETABLES BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE 272 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production Many farmers believe that use of certified seeds will ensure production of healthy and vigorous seedlings. This is not so. In vegetable areas, where soil-borne plant pathogens are prevalent, proper seedbed care is of paramount importance. This includes using appropriate soil media, proper seed bed preparation, and soil sterilization. Hot water treatment is a practical soil sterilization method, which when done properly will safeguard seedlings from fungal and bacterial disease infections and will promote better seedling growth and development 184 . Some organic vegetable farmers constantly make modifications to improve effectiveness of hot water treatment as a soil sterilization method. In farmer field schools (FFSs), these innovations should be shared among farmers to further improve current best practices of soil sterilization using hot water treatment. This exercise was so designed to allow farmers to freely share these experiences. How long will this exercise take? • One hour and thrity minutes for field walks, observations, and hands-on exercise in learning field; and • Thirty minutes to one hour brainstorming session learning objectives when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, when soil-borne vegetable diseases are prevalent in farmer’s fields; and ɶ When organic vegetable farmers want to learn more about other farmers’ best practices in using hot water treatment to control soil-borne vegetable diseases in seedbed. • To make participants aware of and understand the importance of soil sterilization in the control of soil-borne vegetable diseases in seedbeds; and • To learn current innovations by farmers and further improve their skills in using hot water treatment as a soil sterilization method. 183 Adapted from Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp 229-231. 184 Milagrosa, S.P. 1998. As cited in: Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 366p.
Section 5 • Integrated Disease Management materials • Office supplies (e.g., notebooks, ball pens, marking pens, crayons, Manila papers); • Field supplies (e.g., kerosene can, fire wood, black plastic sheets, mat or jute sacks, sprinkle cans, etc.); and • Organic vegetable field ready for seedbed preparation (e.g., vegetable seedbed for the learning field). methodology • Field walks, hands-on, and brainstorming steps 1. Divide big group into five small groups. Before sterilizing seedbeds by hot water treatment, each group should observe already established seedbeds in adjoining farms and record estimated percentage germination, seedling vigor, weeds present, pest and disease occurrence, etc. 2. Each small group will then sterilize their seedbeds (e.g., hands-on) using hot water treatment. The groups may opt to leave a portion of their seedbed untreated for comparison. The procedure below is an option that participants can brainstorm in big group for possible modification: 5 Stir soil several times and expose to sunlight; 5 Pour boiling water (70-90%) to seedbed until water penetrates soil to at least four inches deep; 5 Cover treated seedbed with black plastic sheets for at least 30 minutes; and 5 After one to two days, incorporate appropriate soil media and sow required amount of seeds. 3. Every week thereafter, each group will record same observations they made in their seedbed before hot water treatment. After every observation, participants should brainstorm in small groups to summarize their observations but present same to the big group every other week until seedlings are ready for transplanting. The summary of weekly observations should be printed in Manila paper. 4. After final observations, conduct participatory discussions in a big group to allow sharing of experiences among participants and facilitators. Synthesize and summarize output of small groups into one big group output. 273
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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(d) Collection and Use of NPV-infec
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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