Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS 208 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production This sub-section considers the best practices and experiences shared by FFS farmers and other organic agriculture practitioners on the use of living organisms to suppress insect pest populations, which can be integrated with other compatible control methods. Biological control involves use of parasitoids (e.g., Trichogramma, Diadegma, Trathala, and Cotasia), predators (e.g., earwigs, ladybird beetles, flower bugs), and insect pathogens (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa’s) to reduce insect pest populations. A unique feature of this sub-section is integration of exercises on farm- or village-level production and use of several biological control agents for insect pest management, such as Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), insect pathogens Metarhizium anisopliae or green muscardine fungus (GMF) and Beauveria bassiana or white muscardine fungus (WMF), Trichogramma parasitoid, and predator earwig (Euborellia annulata).
Section 4 • Integrated Insect and Rodent Pests Management Exercise No. 4.09 146 ‘PULLING THE GUTS’ TECHNIQUE: MEASURING DEGREE OF PARASITISM BY DIADEGMA ON DIAMONDBACk MOTH OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN CRUCIFERS BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE The standard approach in managing diamondback moth (DBM) population is the use of biological control with parasitoid Diadegma. Augmentation release of parasitoid early at onset of dry season is usually practiced so that future DBM populations are effectively held in check. In some areas, augmentation releases may not be necessary where parasitoid is already well established. The establishment of Diadegma can be determined by knowing the degree of DBM parasitism in a field. Insect parasitism is a process of how an insect parasitoid kills a host as it completes its life cycle. An effective method of monitoring DBM larval parasitism by Diadegma in farmers’ field is by pulling the guts technique 147 . ‘Pulling the guts’ will also show farmers how a DBM larva is killed by Diadegma parasitoid present inside it. Simply hold a DBM larva on both ends between thumb and index finger and slowly pull until gut or bituka breaks to show a developing larva of Diadegma inside. In FFSs, this practical tool will improve farmers’ decision-making skills and will help them analyze and find out if there is a need to release or augment Diadegma in organic vegetable fields. How long will this exercise take? • Thirty minutes field walks, observations, hands-on, and interaction with farmers; and • Thirty minutes brainstorming session in processing area. 146 Adapted from Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp174-176. 147 IIBC. 1996. Integrated Pest Management for Highland Vegetables, Volume 4: Training Guide for Participatory Action Towards discovery Learning. International Institute for Biological Control, BPI Compound, Baguio City, Philippines. pp63-64. 209 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, when there are early infestation of DBM in learning and adjoining crucifer fields; and ɶ When farmers want to learn a practical tool of determining degree of DBM larval parasitism by Diadegma in their field.
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 5.02 176 SIMULATION EX
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Exercise No. 5.05 182 SAP TRANSMISS
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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TRE
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5. Draw up conclusions and recommen
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Exercise No. 5.08 187 USING RAISED
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Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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