Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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96 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production ❏ Did you observe farmers preparing their own organic solid and foliar fertilizers? Did they use organic foliar sprays to supplement organic solid fertilizers in their vegetable fields? ❏ Did you observe farmers using other organic fertilizer materials? What are these organic fertilizer materials? ❏ Is the use of organic foliar sprays to supplement organic solid fertilizers effective as a soil and nutrient management strategy in organic vegetable production? When is the best time to use organic foliar sprays as supplement for organic solid fertilizers in organic vegetable production? ❏ Did you observe any innovative organic foliar spray and organic solid fertilizer application methods used by farmers as soil and nutrient management strategy in organic vegetable production? What benefits did farmers derive from using organic foliar sprays as organic solid fertilizer supplement in organic vegetable production? ❏ How did you feel while preparing and using organic foliar extract? Was it difficult to prepare and use as supplement for organic solid fertilizers in organic vegetable production? ❏ What other cultural management options can you use to complement the using of organic solid and foliar fertilizers as a soil and nutrient management strategy in organic vegetable production?
Section 3 • Living Soil, Integrated Soil Nutrient and Crop Managements Exercise No. 3.11 MICROBIAL-BASED FERTILIZERS AS SUPPLEMENT FOR ORGANIC SOLID FERTILIZERS IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE Microbial-based fertilizers are preparation of live cells of microorganism strains. Some of these microbes could fix air nitrogen, render phosphate soluble, or degrade cellulose. Others would infect root systems to assist plant roots in absorbing more water and nutrients and increasing plant resistance against root pathogens. Microbialbased fertilizers are also called microbial inoculants or biofertilizers. 71 These biofertilizers, which can supplement organic solid fertilizers in organic vegetable production, may consist of: (a) spores, infected roots, and propagules of beneficial vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza [VAM] fungi belonging to genus Glomus [G. mosseae or G. fasciculatum]; or (b) powdered inoculants of nitrogen-fixing bacteria [NFB] belonging to genus Azospirillum, isolated from roots of ‘talahib’ [Saccharum spontaneum] grass. Microbial-based fertilizers consisting of VAM fungi are cheap and easy to use since a kilogram of these microbial inoculants can fertilize 200-400 plants. The application is done only once throughout entire life of a plant. These biofertilizers can be stored for 6 months in room temperature and one year at 4 ºC. They can replace 60-85 % of plant’s chemical fertilizer requirement thus; farmers can have substantial savings and more income. They can also increase resistance and tolerance of plants to drought, heavy metals, and prevent root pathogen infections, by secreting growth-promoting substances to improve soil texture and soil aggregation. On the other hand, a microbial-based fertilizer consisting of nitrogen-fixing bacterium (NFB) of genus Azospirillum has capability to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) into a form usable by plants. As microbial inoculants, it enhances root development, growth, and yields of rice, corn, and a number of vegetable crops such as tomato, eggplant, okra, lettuce, and ampalaya. It also maintains soil natural properties and fertility as well as keeps plant healthy and green even during droughts and pest infestations. It can restore 30-50 % of total nitrogen requirement of plants. 72 71 PCARRD. 2006. Philippine Recommends for Organic Fertilizer Production and Utilization, Series No. 92, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp78. 72 PCARRD. 2007. Appropriate Use of Bio-fertilizers and Bio-pesticides for Small-scale Farmers in Asian and Pacific Region. Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines pp105. 97 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, as follow-up or integral part of topic on ‘Integrated Soil and Nutrient Management’; and ɶ When farmers want to learn from facilitators and other farmers some innovative microbial-based fertilizers as plant nutrient supplement for organic solid fertilizers.
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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Page 70 and 71: learning objectives 46 Field Guide
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Page 74 and 75: LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
Page 76 and 77: Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Page 82 and 83: methodology • Field walks, hands-
Page 84 and 85: Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
Page 88 and 89: Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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Page 92 and 93: Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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Page 112 and 113: Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
Page 114 and 115: Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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Page 118 and 119: For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Page 128 and 129: Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
Page 130 and 131: methodology • Field walks and bra
Page 132 and 133: Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Page 142 and 143: Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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Page 148 and 149: Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Page 160 and 161: Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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some suggested questions for proces
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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(d) Collection and Use of NPV-infec
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ate of release: 226 Field Guide of
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Exercise No. 4.14 155 FIELD-COLLECT
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materials 234 Field Guide of Discov
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INTEGRATED RODENT MANAGEMENT 240 Fi
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Biological Methods: 250 Field Guide
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Section 5 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGE
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Exercise No. 5.01 174 DISEASE TRIAN
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Exercise No. 5.02 176 SIMULATION EX
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Exercise No. 5.05 182 SAP TRANSMISS
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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TRE
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5. Draw up conclusions and recommen
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Exercise No. 5.08 187 USING RAISED
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Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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