Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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Exercise No. 5.05 182 SAP TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE: UNDERSTANDING HOW VIRUS DISEASES ARE TRANSMITTED IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE FIELDS BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE Virus diseases are most difficult to manage in organic vegetable production. Either one or a combination of the following usually transmits them: (a) direct mechanical contact, (b) aid of insect victors, or (c) other carriers. Strong winds and rains, as well as action of man who tends his vegetable crops regularly and other animals harboring around these crops may cause direct mechanical transmission of virus diseases. Symptoms of some virus diseases may also appear similar to those suffering from physiological and nutritional disorders. 268 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production In farmer field schools (FFSs), farmers will need practical techniques that will ensure accurate disease identification and understanding of virus disease transmission in their own fields. Thus, this simple exercise was designed to enable participants to address this particular concern. How long will this exercise take? when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, when first signs or symptoms of virus disease infection are observed in learning and adjoining fields; and ɶ When organic farmers want to learn practical techniques to accurately identify and understand virus disease transmission in their organic vegetable fields. • Thirty minutes to one hour for field walks, observations, and collection of suspected virusinfected vegetables in learning and adjoining field; • Thirty minutes to one hour brainstorming session and setting-up of exercise in processing area; and • Fifteen to thirty minutes consecutive weekly observations and processing after setting-up this exercise. 182 Adapted from Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp 226-228.
Section 5 • Integrated Disease Management learning objectives • To make participants aware and understand how accurate virus disease identification and transmission lead to its better management in their own farms; and • To learn through hands-on and direct observations how virus diseases are transmitted in organically-grown vegetables by mechanical means. materials • Organic vegetable fields where signs and symptoms of virus infections can be observed; • Mortar and pestle (can be improvised), suspected virus infected and healthy test-plants, handsprayer and sandpaper); and • Other office supplies (e.g., Manila papers, notebooks, ball pens, and marking pens). methodology • Field walks, hands-on and brainstorming steps 1. Divide participants in small groups and ask them to conduct field walks. Let them observe and collect healthy and suspected virus infected plants or plant parts in learning and adjoining organic vegetable fields. Interview other farmers, if necessary. List down all observations related to signs and symptoms (e.g., rosetting, curling, mosaic appearance, etc.), pest and disease occurrence, kind of crops planted, crop stand, etc. 2. Go back to processing area and set-up this exercise by performing the following activities: 5 Pound suspected virus-infected plants and extract juice or sap; 5 Create artificial mechanical damage by rubbing sandpaper on leaves of healthy test-plants (e.g., same crop species, or any seedlings of other crop species); 5 Spray or rub extracted sap or juice on damaged and undamaged leaves of healthy testplants; and 5 Observe and take note of physical changes on test-plants after 14-21 days. 3. Brainstorm in small groups and present output to the big group. Conduct participatory discussions to allow sharing of experiences among participants and facilitators. 269
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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