Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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72 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production ❏ What do you think is the role of soil texture and soil structure on water holding capacity, abundance of soil organisms, soil organic matter content, soil nutrient availability, and crop productivity? ❏ How do you change or improve soil textures and soil structures? Did you learn from other farmers their innovative practices for improving different soil textures and soil structures?
Section 3 • Living Soil, Integrated Soil Nutrient and Crop Managements Exercise No. 3.06 55 SOIL WATER HOLDING CAPACITY DETERMINATION: A SOIL MANAGEMENT GUIDE FOR IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY IN GROWING ORGANIC VEGETABLES BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE Organic matter functions as a ‘granulator’ of mineral particles, being largely responsible for loose, easily managed condition of productive soils. Through its effect on physical condition of soils, organic matter also increases amount of water a soil can hold or water holding capacity and proportion of this water available for plant growth. Soils high in organic matter are darker and have greater water holding capacity than soils low in organic matter 56 . Two major concepts concerning soil water emphasize significance of this component of soil in relation to plant growth, namely: (1) water is held within soil spaces (pores) with varying degrees of attraction (tenacity) depending on amount of water present and size of pores; and (2) together with its dissolved nutrients (salts), soil water makes up soil solution, which is very important as a medium for supplying nutrients to growing plants. A clearly important characteristic of a soil is its ability to hold water. One problem with a coarse sandy soil is that water (and nutrients) is rapidly lost from soil. One important quality of soil organic matter is that it helps in water retention. To demonstrate this to farmers is a simple exercise that should help promote use of compost and mulch in organic vegetable production. In FFSs, relevant experiences on water holding capacities of different soils can be shared freely among farmers and facilitators to improve current soil management practices in organic vegetable production. This particular exercise was designed to address this concern. How long will this exercise take? • Thirty minutes to one hour for field walks and observations of water holding capacities of soils in adjoining and learning fields; and • Thirty minutes to one hour hands-on and brainstorming session in processing area. 55 Adapted from Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp72-75. 56 Brady, N.C. 1985. The nature and properties of soils. 9 th Edition. Macmillan Publishing Co., 866 3 rd Ave., New York, New York, U.S.A. pp14-16. 73 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, as component of topic on ‘Soil Conservation and Management’ or ‘Soil Biodiversity’; and ɶ When farmers want to learn more improved soil management practices from other farmers that will increase waterholding capacity of their soils.
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Acknowledgement iv Field Guide of D
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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Page 64 and 65: NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
Page 66 and 67: Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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Page 76 and 77: Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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some suggested questions for proces
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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How long will this exercise take? 1
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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(d) Collection and Use of NPV-infec
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ate of release: 226 Field Guide of
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Exercise No. 4.14 155 FIELD-COLLECT
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INTEGRATED RODENT MANAGEMENT 240 Fi
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Biological Methods: 250 Field Guide
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Section 5 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGE
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Exercise No. 5.01 174 DISEASE TRIAN
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Exercise No. 5.02 176 SIMULATION EX
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Exercise No. 5.05 182 SAP TRANSMISS
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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TRE
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5. Draw up conclusions and recommen
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Exercise No. 5.08 187 USING RAISED
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Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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