Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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214 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production 5 Practice handpicking to complement spraying of chili solution at moderate webworm infestation levels, and 5 Take note of all relevant observations and experiences during this activity. 3. Go back to processing area; brainstorm in small groups and present output to the big group. Conduct participatory discussion to allow sharing of experiences among participants and facilitators. Motivate farmers to share their best experiences in controlling webworm at relatively low to moderate infestation levels. 4. Synthesize and summarize output of small groups into one big group output. Draw up conclusions and recommendations from this exercise. some suggested questions for processing discussion ❏ Which areas in plots were mostly concentrated with webworms? ❏ Which organically-grown crucifer vegetable was more and less infested by webworms? What are the distinguishing characteristics of webworm damage? Which parts of plant did webworm damage? ❏ How much time did you spend in spraying webworms with chili solution? Do you think it is a practical approach? ❏ Did you observe farmers who sprayed chili solution against webworms? Did farmers practice other innovative methods to control webworms? What are these methods? ❏ Do farmers consider webworm as a destructive pest of organically-grown vegetables? ❏ What other cultural management strategies can you use to complement spraying chili solution to control webworms at relatively low to moderate infestation levels?
Section 4 • Integrated Insect and Rodent Pests Management Exercise No. 4.11 149 FARM-LEVEL PRODUCTION AND USE OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS (NPV) AGAINST COMMON CUTWORM OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGETABLES BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE One of the insect pests that can readily reduce yield of many organically-grown vegetable crops is common cutworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Common cutworm was previously considered a minor or an occasional insect pest. However, it is beginning to be a perennial problem in many crops. In addition, it feeds on a wide variety of plants, having been reported on at least 120 crop species. Aside from tomato, other crops like eggplant, potato, sweet and hot peppers, okra, cabbage, pechay, cauliflower, radish, gabi, peanut, and other legumes are among its primary hosts, which are widely cultivated in the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries. In most crops, damage results from extensive feeding of larvae on leaves causing stripping of vegetable plants. Many natural enemies of cutworm have been reported. About 10 parasitoids belonging to three genera, namely, Trichogramma, Chelonus, and Telonomus parasitize the eggs. On the other hand, 58 species of parasitoids belonging to different families of Hymenoptera like Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae, Chalcidae, Scelionidae, Encyrtidae; one family of Diptera (Tachinidae) had been reported as larval-pupal parasitoid. Several groups of microorganisms also cause mortality of common cutworms. These are protozoans, fungi, nematodes, and viruses, which include nuclear polyhedrosis viruses or NPVs. NPVs are highly host specific obligate parasites of insects that multiply in all internal organs and tissues, killing host insects. The route of infection is through ingestion. The host larvae acquire NPV virus when they feed on contaminated leaves and other plant parts. NPVs, however, do not cause diseases in mammals, birds, fishes, and non-target insects. The virus is spread by wind, splashes of rain, and by contaminated insects or fecal materials of insects that feed on juices of infected cadavers. 149 Adapted from Navasero, M.V. and M.M. Navasero. 2005. Farm-level production and utilization of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) for tomato production. Paper presented during a Workshop on Integrated Production and Pest Management in Processing Tomato: Issues and Prospects held in Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines on July 2005. 10p. 215 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, when there is a relatively moderate to serious common cutworm infestation on organicallygrown vegetables in learning and adjoining fields; and ɶ When farmers want to learn the appropriate time to mass-produce NPV to control common cutworms of organicallygrown vegetables.
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 3.31 114 CULTURAL MANA
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Page 216 and 217: Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.05 182 SAP TRANSMISS
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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TRE
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5. Draw up conclusions and recommen
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Exercise No. 5.08 187 USING RAISED
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Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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