Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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306 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production 2. Go back to processing area, brainstorm in small groups and present output to the big group. Conduct participatory discussions to allow sharing of experiences among participants and facilitators. As a wrap-up session, agree in big group how to improve some procedures provided below: 5 If Trichoderma will be applied directly into soil, dry pellets (36 % moisture content) are mixed with top soil of seedbed 2 weeks before seed sowing. With soil treatment, its powdered form is applied to seedbed 3 days before seed sowing at a rate of 3 grams per square meter. 5 If Trichoderma will be applied directly to seeds, a 250-gram pack would be able to treat (prior to sowing in seedbed) wet seeds good for one hectare. 3. Go back to learning field and do hands-on in using Trichoderma as biological control agent against damping-off in organically-grown tomatoes in small group. 4. Return to processing area, process output in small group, and share experiences and lessons learned to big group. 5. Synthesize and summarize output of small groups into one big group output. Draw up conclusions and recommendations from this exercise. some suggested questions for processing discussion ❏ What organically-grown vegetables, aside from tomatoes, were infected with damping-off? Did you observe differences in crop stand, disease severity, and others among different organicallygrown vegetables? ❏ Did you observe damping-off infections on seedbeds grown to organic tomatoes and other organic vegetables everywhere around your learning field? What is commonest organicallygrown vegetable infected with damping-off in nearby areas? ❏ What benefits can be derived from using Trichoderma as biological control agent against damping-off in organically-grown tomatoes? ❏ When is the most appropriate time to use Trichoderma as biological control agent against damping-off in organically-grown tomatoes? ❏ What innovations did you learn from other farmers in using Trichoderma as biological control agent against damping-off in organically-grown tomatoes? ❏ How did you feel doing a hands-on? Was it practical? Can you improve procedure to make it easier for farmers to follow? How? ❏ What other cultural management practices can complement using Trichoderma as biological control agent against damping-off in organically-grown tomatoes?
Section 5 • Integrated Disease Management Exercise No. 5.17 PREPARATION AND USE OF EGG YOLk + COOkING OIL (EYCO) FOR MANAGEMENT OF POWDERY AND DOWNY MILDEWS IN ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGETABLES BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE Powdery and downy mildews are serious fungal diseases infecting vegetative portions of many organically-grown vegetables. White powdery and cottony growths are usually observed on infected plant parts. These diseases, more prevalent during high moisture conditions, are characterized as follow 207 : Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C., appears as small, discrete, white moldy spots on upper surface of leaflets, which rapidly enlarge to an indefinite size until they coalesce. A light powdery white dirty-gray fungus growth later covers part of entire upper leaf surface, petioles, and young stems. Infected leaves gradually turn yellow, then brown, and die. This disease infects mostly solanaceous and cucurbit vegetables. Downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis Rostow, appears as yellow spots on surface of leaves with a purplish downy-growth on lower surface. These yellow spots may soon turn reddish-brown and eventually kill leaves. If infected plants do not die, fruits may not mature and flavor is poor. This disease infects mainly legume and parsley vegetables. Recently, control of mildews were found effective by spraying crops with various biological pesticides, which includes use of egg yolk + cooking oil (EYCO). This simple technology is widely adopted by Korean farmers for controlling various insect pests and improving plant health. The EYCO is simply made at home by manual or motor mixing of cooking oil and egg yolk. Cooking oil showed direct and indirect effects in control of plant pathogens and insect pests, while egg yolk served as natural emulsifier and biological fertilizer. In lettuce, seedling stands increased by over 70% and showed 89.6-96.3% control value when EYCO was applied against powdery mildew. This result is comparable to effect of applying a fungicide, Azoxystrobin. 207 Callo, Jr., D.P., J.R. Medina, L.B. Teofilo, H.A. Tauli, and W.R. Cuaterno. 2002. Manual of Participatory Technology Development Activities for IPM in Vegetables. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp380-386. 307 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, at early vegetative stage and as component of topic on ‘Integrated Disease Management’; and ɶ When farmers want to learn how to prepare and use egg yolk + cooking oil (EYCO) for management of powdery and downy mildews in organically-grown vegetables.
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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(d) Collection and Use of NPV-infec
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ate of release: 226 Field Guide of
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Exercise No. 4.14 155 FIELD-COLLECT
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INTEGRATED RODENT MANAGEMENT 240 Fi
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Biological Methods: 250 Field Guide
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Section 5 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGE
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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