Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production
Third party certification is an organic guarantee system adopted when the producer is unknown, thus, an
independent body or a third party does the certification. The production system, the process or method
instead of a product, is certified as organic. Thus, the ‘organic’ quality is not verifiable by product testing
although in some cases product testing can be used to detect non-compliance. The major activities in a
certification program are: standard setting, inspection, and certification
Thrips are minute insect pests whose nymphs and adults suck the plant sap causing the leaves to turn yellow,
then silvery-white, and later assumed a withered or blasted appearance.
Training of specialist (Tos) is an intensive four-month, six-day a week season-long training course in
non-formal education (NFE) techniques and integrated pest management (IPM) for extension and crop
protection specialists.
Trap crops are alternate or susceptible crops planted within a particular vegetable area to attract some
specific destructive pests of a particular vegetable crop thereby reducing their adverse effects to that
particular vegetable crop.
Training team refers to a group of facilitators who work together to see to it that the learning process supports
the objectives of the learning activities.
Training of trainers (ToT) is an intensive four-month, three days a week season-long training course in
non-formal education (NFE) techniques and integrated pest management (IPM) for extension workers.
Trainer refers to a facilitator of a farmer field school (FFS), who is a graduate of an intensive four-month,
three days a week season-long Training of Trainers (TOT) in non-formal education techniques for
integrated pest management (IPM).
Trapping is a cultural management practice, which attracts insect pests to trap materials for the purpose
of controlling them. The trap materials may contain non-pesticide baits such as sex attractant or an
attractive food source for insect pest.
Trellising is a cultural management practice in vegetable, which involves training vegetable crops to grow
on trellis to improve quality of products and avoid rotting of fruits associated with soil-borne pathogen.
Trichoderma sp. (e.g., pseudokoningii, parceramosum and harzianum species) is a common soil fungus
and a natural component of soil micro-flora. It is a fast-growing fungus that secretes many hydrolytic
enzymes. Aside from its antagonistic nature towards several plant pathogens, it is also a compostdecomposer
and growth-enhancer of many organically-grown vegetables.
Trichogramma sp. are very small parasitic wasps (0.1 to 0.5 mm long) which attack eggs of lepidopterous
insect pests. T. evanescens Westwood was proven to be effective against corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis
while T. chilonis Ishii was tested against tomato fruit worm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. These
species are also effective against eggs of corn earworm and semi-looper, tomato fruit worm, cotton
bollworm, sugarcane borers, eggplant shoot and fruit borer, cacao pod borer, soybean leaf folder and
other lepidopterous insect pests.