Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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244 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production will you be very excited and call your campaign a success? How many rodents are remaining in a vegetable field? Do you think a rodent management campaign was still a success? How many rodents will be in a vegetable field considering reproduction? (Note that reproduction is even greater after many rodents are killed because of less competition for food and space.) ❏ What is the meaning of the saying ‘it does not matter how many rodents were killed, it only matters how many are left in a vegetable field to reproduce’? ❏ Many farmers say that if you kill rodents, they will bring their rat friends and completely destroy a vegetable field. Can you explain why vegetable fields are destroyed after one rodent management campaign (e.g., remember that reproduction is faster when population is low)? ❏ Why is it important to begin killing rodents at an early stage of an organically-grown vegetable crop? Why is it important to keep killing rodents all season-long? What would be rodent population after 6 months if only one female from each group of six offsprings survived? (Totals by cycle will look something like this: 1 st month = 6; 4 th month = 24; 7 th month = 96; 10 th month = 384; 13 th month = 1,536 or cumulative total is 2,046.)
Section 4 • Integrated Insect and Rodent Pests Management Exercise No. 4.17 165 USING CAGE TRAPS AND SCARING MATERIALS AS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AGAINST RATS IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE Rats are among the most serious pests of organically-grown vegetables in highlands and lowlands. Signs of gnawing, nibbling, cut seedlings, and damaged plant parts (e.g., flowers, pods, fruits, roots tubers, etc.) and presence of runways and burrows in field suggest their occupancy. Rats are nocturnal animals, which can cause heavy damage on organic vegetables and other crops at nighttime. Rats readily multiply in areas where food is abundant. Under field conditions, rats can live for one year or longer. A female rat can reproduce up to four times a year with an average of six offspring per litter. Often, success of a rat campaign is determined by how many rats are killed. This is not true. A high number of dead rats means that there are more rats out in the field ready to feed on vegetable crops. This also means that the number of dead rats is not as important as the number of live rats eating organically-grown vegetable crops in the field. Therefore, for rat management to be effective, farmers must learn how to identify the presence of rats, understand rat burrow structures and runways, and suggest practical rat management strategies. More practical and effective management strategies against rats by some enterprising farmers had evolved in the Cordilleras. For example, using cage traps and scaring materials are reported effective and now common in Mountain Province. Similar effective strategies can be more regularly shared among farmers in FFSs and, in the process, improved approaches may evolve. This exercise was designed to achieve this purpose. How long will this exercise take? • Thirty minutes to one hour field walks, observations, and interaction with farmers; and • Thirty minutes to one hour hands-on and brainstorming session. 165 Adapted from Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp212-215. 245 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT and VST sessions, when there are early infestation signs of rats in the learning field; and ɶ When farmers want to learn from other farmers their innovative practices in using traps and scaring materials against rats in organic vegetable fields.
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Page 232 and 233: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
Page 234 and 235: learning objectives 210 Field Guide
Page 236 and 237: Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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Page 278 and 279: Section 5 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGE
Page 280 and 281: Exercise No. 5.01 174 DISEASE TRIAN
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Page 308 and 309: Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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