Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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346 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production 3. Each group should show possible effects and reactions of crops on different factors contributing to the development and occurrence of pest and diseases. Thus, a play should portray, among others: pest and disease transferred to other crops, pest and disease reduced or controlled, crop rotation scheme less or seriously affected by pests and diseases, etc. 4. Brainstorm in small groups and present output to big group. Conduct participatory discussion to allow sharing of experiences among participants and facilitators. 5. Synthesize and summarize output of small groups into one big group output. Draw up conclusions and recommendations from this exercise. some suggested questions for processing discussion ❏ What is crop rotation? How do you differentiate crop succession from crop rotation? ❏ Did you observe different crop rotation scheme in the field? What crop rotation schemes did farmers commonly practice? ❏ In role-play, which was the best crop rotation scheme? Why? What were the important characteristics of a good crop rotation scheme? ❏ Do you think crop rotation will solve pest and disease problems in your area? ❏ What benefits can you derive from practicing crop rotation? ❏ What other cultural practices can complement crop rotation to effectively manage pest and disease problems in organic vegetable production?
Section 7 PARTICIPATORY PLANT BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION, HARVEST, AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT Two systems of plant breeding may be distinguished: (1) farmers’ breeding system (or informal); and (2) institutional breeding system (or formal). The farmers’ breeding system is characterized by dynamic seed flows and continuous on-farm selection (usually mass selection). The institutional or formal type of breeding system is characterized by strategic approaches and sophisticated selection methods. These two systems are in many ways complementary and need each other to become stronger. The farmers’ breeding system can reach its full potential more effectively with support from researchers of breeding institutions. Similarly, breeding institutions can gain considerable benefits in working together with farmer communities through participatory plant breeding (PPB). Decentralized breeding or participatory plant breeding (PPB) was highlighted during the last two decades. PPB promises a way of strengthening crop improvement within farming communities 235 . Its aims are 236 to: (a) develop locally adapted technologies for crop improvement and distribute them more effectively to and among farming communities; (b) improve conservation and use of crop genetic diversity; and (c) support local capacity development for generating such genetic resources, thus contributing to empowerment or self-help of farmers and other stakeholders. On the other hand, on-farm seeds produced by farmer himself are still the most common source of available seeds for small vegetable farmers and home gardeners in the Philippines and many developing countries. Very often, seeds produced are of poor quality. Frequently, fruits harvested for seeds are those that were missed during harvesting for fresh vegetables and the leftovers at the end of production season. Little or no positive selection is carried out to choose the best plants and fruits for seed production. Oftentimes, plants at the end of production season are weak, thus, producing seeds that are not physically and physiologically fully mature. In this regard, farmers can perform variety rehabilitation to restore a local variety to its original or desired level of performance. In seed rehabilitation, farmers learn to improve their selection skills by identifying lost traits and selecting for desired plants in their populations 237 . 235 Smolders, H. (ed) 2006. Enhancing Farmers’Role in Crop Development: Framework Information for Participatory Plant Breeding in Farmer Field Schools. Participatory Enhancement of Diversity of Genetic Resources in Asia (PEDIGREA) Publication. Center for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands. pp. 9-16. 236 Weltzien, E., Smith, M.E., Meitzner, L.S., and Sperling, L. 2003. Technical and institutional issues in participatory plant breeding from the perspective of formal plant breeding; A global analysis of issues, results, and current experience. CIAT: PPB Monograph No. 1. 208p. 237 Weltzien, E., Smith, M.E., Meitzner, L.S., and Sperling, L. 2003. Technical and institutional issues in participatory plant breeding from the perspective of formal plant breeding; A global analysis of issues, results, and current experience. CIAT: PPB Monograph No. 1. 208p. 347
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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(d) Collection and Use of NPV-infec
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ate of release: 226 Field Guide of
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Exercise No. 4.14 155 FIELD-COLLECT
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INTEGRATED RODENT MANAGEMENT 240 Fi
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Biological Methods: 250 Field Guide
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Section 5 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGE
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Exercise No. 5.01 174 DISEASE TRIAN
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Exercise No. 5.02 176 SIMULATION EX
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Exercise No. 5.05 182 SAP TRANSMISS
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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TRE
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5. Draw up conclusions and recommen
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Exercise No. 5.08 187 USING RAISED
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Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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