Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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(d) Collection and Use of NPV-infected Cutworm Larvae 220 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production 5 Collect NPV-infected cutworm larvae 5-7 days after spraying NPV solution, when you will start to see less active or dead cutworm larvae on sprayed crops. 5 Use collected NPV-infected cutworm larvae to prepare new NPV solution or store them in freezer for future use. some suggested questions for processing discussion ❏ Which areas in plots were most concentrated with healthy and NPV-infected common cutworm larvae? ❏ Which organically-grown vegetable crop was more and less infested by common cutworm larvae? What were the most distinguishing characteristics of common cutworm larval damage? Which parts of plant did common cutworm larval damage? ❏ What were the appearance of NPV-infected common cutworm larvae? Which parts of plant did NPV-infected common cutworm larvae was observed? ❏ Did you find farm-level mass production and use of common cutworm NPV easy? Do you think farm-level mass production and use of common cutworm NPV practical in organic vegetable production? ❏ Did you observe farmers spraying farm-level produced NPV and chemical insecticides to control common cutworm infestation? Did you observe differences in presence, number, and activity of pests and natural enemies in organic vegetable crops sprayed with NPV and chemical insecticides? ❏ Did you observe farmers who sprayed farm-level mass-produced NPV alone to control common cutworm larvae? Did farmers practice other innovative strategies to control common cutworm infestation? What are these strategies? ❏ Do farmers consider common cutworms destructive to organically-grown vegetables? ❏ What other cultural management methods can you use to complement spraying of farm-level mass-produced NPV to control common cutworm larvae and enhance biological control of insect pests even at relatively moderate to serious infestation levels?
Section 4 • Integrated Insect and Rodent Pests Management Exercise No. 4.12 150 VILLAGE-TYPE MASS-PRODUCTION AND USE OF TRICHOGRAMMA FOR MANAGING LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECT PESTS OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGETABLES BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE 151 Trichogramma are very small parasitic wasps (0.1 to 0.5 mm long), which attack eggs of lepidopterous insect pests. T. evanescens Westwood was proven to be effective against corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) while T. chilonis Ishii against tomato fruit worm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. These species are also effective against eggs of corn earworm and semi-looper, tomato fruit worm, cotton bollworm, sugarcane borers, eggplant shoot and fruit borer, cacao pod borer, soybean leaf folder and other lepidopterous insect pests. These are mass-produced in laboratory on eggs of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stn., a storage pest which in turn is being mass-produced in rice bran-rice germ mixture (4:1). Trichogramma cards are packed in plastic sheet and released into fields against target lepidopterous insect pests. Despite effectiveness of Trichogramma, pest population remains high due to lack of synchronization in field releases of Trichogramma and population peak of pest. There are times when a farmer is in desperate need of Trichogramma but parasitoid is unavailable. If done properly, field releases of Trichogramma is economical, environment-friendly and can be established in agro-ecosystem. The field releases of T. evanescens against corn borer and tomato fruit worm at a rate of about 50-70 Trichogramma cards per hectare (2 releases) costs only about PhP800 (US$20). This is much cheaper than 3 sprayings with synthetic insecticides that costs about PhP2,200 (US$55). These practical and worthwhile innovations can be shared and enriched by farmers and facilitators in FFSs to improve pest management practices through participatory, discovery-based, and experiential learning approaches, hence this exercise. While use of Trichogramma as a biological control agent against lepidopterous insect pests is an essential topic in any regular season-long FFS session, village-type Trichogramma mass-production is more applicable and sustainable when introduced as a follow-up activity of regular FFS farmer-graduates. 150 Guevara, R.C. and D.P. Callo, Jr. 2005. Village-type Trichogramma mass-production and utilization livelihood project: Bayawan City’s Local Government Unit (LGU) experience. Paper presented during a Workshop on Integrated Production and Pest Management in Processing Tomato: Issues and Prospects held on July 2005 at Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. 22p. 151 Gonzales, P.G., E.P. Cadapan, and P.A. Javier. 2005. Utilization of Trichogramma parasitoids in the Philippines. Paper presented during a Workshop on Integrated Production and Pest Management in Processing Tomato: Issues and Prospects held on July 2005 at Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. 16p. 221 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, as follow-up or integral part of topic on ‘Biological Control of Insect Pests’; and ɶ When farmers want to learn some innovative ways of village-type mass-production and use of Trichogramma to manage lepidopterous pests of organicallygrown vegetables.
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TRE
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5. Draw up conclusions and recommen
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Exercise No. 5.08 187 USING RAISED
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Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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