Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production
Green leaf manuring (Glm) refers to the soil incorporation of plants grown outside an area where it is not
intended before their flowering stage as a source of organic matter. Weeds gathered on side of terraces
such as wild sunflowers, when incorporated in vegetable fields are classified as green leaf manures.
Green manuring (Gm) refers to the soil incorporation of plants grown at a site where it is needed before
their flowering stage as a source of organic matter. All fast-growing weeds when incorporated before
flowering at land preparation and hilling-up operations are classified as green manures.
Green muscardine fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae [Metchnikoff] Sorokin) or GMF is a naturally occurring
insect pathogen that attacks more than 200 insects. GMF spores land on host’s body and high humidity
favors its growth. During its development, fungus consumes its host’s contents. When host dies, fungus
emerges as a white growth and then turns dark green with age. The spores are spread by wind or water
to new hosts.
Gross return refers to the product of price and volume relative to the type of produce in every enterprise.
Group dynamics is a process of interaction of a group at work. It includes such processes as communication,
goal setting, decision-making, support giving, and leadership.
Hilling-up is a cultural management practice whereby soil is cultivated and raised at the base of plants
primarily to enhance better root development, improve anchorage, and suppress growth of weeds.
Hilling-up also disturbs development of other soil-borne pests and exposes to sunlight many soil-borne
plant pathogens that thrive near the base of plants.
Hot water treatment is a practical soil sterilization technique used by farmers to control some soil-borne
diseases of vegetables in the seedbed.
Hydroization is a pre-sowing hardening technique to induce drought resistance, which consists of soaking
seeds for 1-48 hours depending on seeds, and then air drying to their original moisture content before
sowing.
Indigenous microorganisms (Imo) are organic foliar sprays that enhance growth and productivity of crops.
These include known soil microbes such as Microrrhiza and Rhizobium, biological nitrogen-fixers,
which fix and convert air nitrogen to nutrient forms readily available to plants and can substitute 30-50%
of plants’ nitrogen requirements.
Inorganic mineral transformation refers to a long series of bio-chemical transfer beginning with proteins
and related compounds in soil that culminates in appearance of simple soluble products (e.g., ammonium
compounds, nitrates, and sulfates) readily available to plants.
Insect pathogens refer to a group of biological control agents, mostly parasitic micro-organisms, used to
control insect pests of vegetables. Some insect pathogens infecting various insect pests are viruses,
bacteria, and fungi.
Insecticide is a pesticide or chemical used to control insect pests.