Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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236 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production ❏ Did you observe any innovative procedures in mass-production and application by farmers of GMF and WMF as biological control agents against lepidopterous pests of organically-grown vegetables? What benefits did farmers derive from using biological control as pest management strategy in organic vegetable production? ❏ How did you feel while mass-producing and using GMF and WMF? Was it difficult to massproduce and use GMF and WMF as biological control agents against lepidopterous pests of organically-grown vegetables? ❏ What other cultural management options can you use to complement using GMF and WMF as biological control agents against lepidopterous pests of organically-grown vegetables?
Section 4 • Integrated Insect and Rodent Pests Management Exercise No. 4.15 159 ENHANCING NATURAL ENEMY POPULATIONS BY USING BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGETABLES BaCKGroUND aND raTIoNalE Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt is already widely used in the control of lepidopterous larvae in organically-grown vegetables in the Philippines. As a microbial insecticide 160 , Bt protein is usually used in formulations containing spores and crystalline inclusions that are released upon metabolism of Bt during its growth. B. thuringiensis is a gram-positive bacterium naturally occurring in soil. It kills larvae by disrupting the digestive system leading to slow growth and ultimately death. When dose is high, sudden death can usually occur. Bt-based pesticides are marketed under various trade names. Because of its specificity, it is being used as a complementary control strategy to Diadegma parasitoid against diamondback moth (DBM) and other lepidopterous larvae. In the Cordilleras, Diadegma is used as an egg parasitoid. In cases where eggs escaped and developed into larvae, Bt is used as a follow-up treatment to specifically kill pest larvae but not Diadegma. Bt has been found very effective against intended pests but not harmful to their natural enemies. Despite these positive features, use of Bt-based pesticides also has their own limitation. They are expensive. It requires several applications as sunlight breaks down toxin and rain removes active ingredient from plant. However, many organic vegetable farmers, through years of experience, had evolved some practical approaches for effectively using Bt to control pests and enhancing natural enemy populations as well. These experiences must be shared among farmers in FFSs to further improve current approaches in enhancing natural enemy populations. This exercise was designed to attain this particular objective. 159 Adapted from Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp208-211. 160 IIBC. 1990. Manual on Biological Control and Biological Methods for Insect Pests in the Tropics. FAO/IRRI/IIBC Training Course on Biological Control in Rice-based Cropping Systems, International Institute of Biological Control, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp2.3/1-3.2/4 (Part 1), pp1.3/2-1.3/10 (Part 2) and pp2.6/1-2.6/8 (Part 3). 237 when is this exercise most appropriate? ɶ In FFS, TOT, and VST sessions, when there is a relatively moderate to serious lepidopterous pest infestation on organicallygrown vegetables in learning field; and ɶ When farmers want to learn the appropriate time to spray Bt to control lepidopterous pests of organically-grown vegetables.
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Page 216 and 217: Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Page 232 and 233: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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