Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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348 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production Vegetable production in most countries has been characterized by a tremendous increase in yield and improvement in quality of produce. This was brought about by improved agricultural technologies as well as increasing demand in both local and international markets. These developments, however, do not guarantee sufficient supply of good quality vegetables. Post-harvest losses, which range from 10-50% of annual production, can and do occur at any point from harvest through collection and distribution to final purchaser 238 . Thus, this section piles up some best practices and learning experiences by FFS facilitators and farmer-practitioners, as well as by technical experts on topics related to: (a) participatory breeding and seed production; and (b) harvest and post-harvest management practices. 238 AVRDC. 1990. Vegetable Production Training Manual. Arc Publication No. 90-328. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan. pp 116-131 and 402-422.
Section 7 • Participatory Plant Breeding, Seed Production, Harvest, and Post-Harvest Management PARTICIPATORY PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION PRACTICES Generally, participatory plant breeding (PPB) is expected to benefit communities and to be of advantage in crops or geographical areas where conventional breeding efforts have been or are expected to be less successful, incomplete, or absent. These conditions are largely fulfilled in the following circumstances 239 : • Marginal agricultural areas, where environments are highly variable, such as in semi-arid, rainfed, and mountainous areas, which preclude widespread adaptation of modern varieties; • Rural areas with little or no formal seed supply mechanisms and/or primarily subsistence-based farming; • Minor crops important in local areas have not been the focus of formal sector plant breeding efforts; • Major crops in highly productive ecosystems, where cultural preferences and biological challenges have not been fully met by trait characteristics of modern varieties (e.g., red rice for use in special dishes, cultural ceremonies, long rice straw for use as mulch and animal feed, or flowers for vegetable soups); • Consumer preferences exist for local tastes and other crop characteristics that are lost in formal sector breeding products; • Specific agronomic conditions where modern varieties have little impact, such as mixed cropping systems and organic farming; and • Conditions of dramatic change such as after civil war and natural disaster. Even so, cultural management practices of vegetable crops intended for seed production, in most cases, are similar to those for fresh market or for consumable products. Planting distance, fertilization, irrigation, and insect pest and disease management practices for both production systems are very similar 240 . Nonetheless, seed production system provides some ecological benefits. Allowing 239 Smolders, H. (ed). 2006. Enhancing Farmers’ Role in Crop Development: Framework Information for Participatory Plant Breeding in Farmer Field Schools. Participatory Enhancement of Diversity of Genetic Resources in Asia (PEDIGREA) Publication. Center for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands. pp11-12. 240 Callo, Jr., D.P., L.B. Teofilo, and H.A. Tauli (eds). 2002. Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Vegetable IPM, Volume II. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. pp 289-315. 349
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Exercise No. 4.10 148 SPRAYING CHIL
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(d) Collection and Use of NPV-infec
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ate of release: 226 Field Guide of
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Exercise No. 4.14 155 FIELD-COLLECT
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INTEGRATED RODENT MANAGEMENT 240 Fi
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Biological Methods: 250 Field Guide
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Section 5 INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGE
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Exercise No. 5.01 174 DISEASE TRIAN
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Exercise No. 5.02 176 SIMULATION EX
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Exercise No. 5.05 182 SAP TRANSMISS
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Exercise No. 5.06 183 HOT WATER TRE
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5. Draw up conclusions and recommen
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Exercise No. 5.08 187 USING RAISED
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Exercise No. 5.10 191 MULCHING AS A
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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