Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

Glossary
specialist refers to a facilitator of a Training of Trainers (TOT), who is a graduate of an intensive fourmonth,
six days a week season-long Training of Specialists (TOS) in non-formal education techniques
for integrated pest management (IPM) in rice, corn, vegetables, among others.
standards are norms, set of guidelines, requirements and principles that are used as in organic agriculture
and processing. Standards are actually norms or guidelines by which a product or process can be labeled
as ‘organic’.
stratification is pre-sowing activity whereby seeds are placed between layers of moist sand, soil, or sawdust
at high and low temperatures so that action of water and high and low temperatures will soften the seed
coat.
sucking insects refer to a group of destructive insects, which have piercing-sucking mouthparts.
surface irrigation or flooding is a method of irrigation where water flows on soil surface, then later seeps
downward, or moves vertically (surface flooding), moves along a canal or horizontally (furrow flooding)
in soil until it reaches the roots of plants.
sustainable agriculture means any principle, method, and practice that aims to make agriculture
economically viable, ecologically sound, socially just and humane (equitable), culturally appropriate,
and grounded on holistic science.
synchronous planting involves planting of crops at the same time in a large scale to take advantage of
hostile environmental conditions for pests at the stage new plants are most susceptible to pest attack.
Synchronization is ideal in cases where product prices are non-fluctuating and irrigation water is
available year round.
synthetic refers to any substances manufactured by chemical or industrial processes, which include products not
found in nature or simulation of products from natural sources (but not extracted from natural raw materials).
Team building is an organized effort to improve team effectiveness. It is a process consisting of a series of
synergy-building exercises designed to promote group cohesiveness and effectiveness in performing
and achieving their common goals and tasks. It may relate to defining and clarifying policies or goals; to
reviewing and refining procedures; to seeking out ways to be more innovative and creative; to improving
management practices in such areas as communication, decision-making, delegation, planning,
coaching, career development and initiatives; to improving relationships between team members; to
improve external relations (e.g., with local government units); to improve relations with other work
teams; and to improving services.
Therapy is a fundamental principle in pest and disease management referring to treatment of plants infested
by a pest or infected by a pathogen.
Thinning refers to a cultural management practice, which involves the removal of undesirable plants to ease
out overcrowding of seedlings, allow better penetration of sunlight, permit proper aeration or more rapid
drying of dew or rain on foliage after a down pour, and minimize nutrient competition.
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