Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for - Aseanipm ...

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How long will this exercise take? 238 Field Guide of Discovery-based Exercises for Organic Vegetable Production • Thirty minutes field walks, observations, and interaction with farmers; and • Thirty minutes brainstorming session in processing area. learning objectives • To create awareness and understanding among participants that spraying Bt can effectively control lepidopterous pests and enhance natural enemy populations in organically-grown vegetables; and • To learn from other farmers and do hands-on of innovative approaches on how Bt can effectively control lepidopterous pests and enhance natural enemy populations in organically-grown vegetables. materials • Office supplies (e.g., notebooks, ball pens, marking pens, crayons, Manila papers); • Other supplies (e.g., locally available Bt biological pesticide, measuring cup, sprayer, detergent, and water); and • Organically-grown vegetables in learning and adjoining fields showing relatively moderate to serious infestation of lepidopterous pests. methodology • Field walks, hands-on, and brainstorming steps 1. Divide participants in small groups and ask them to conduct field walks and observe organicallygrown vegetable crops showing relatively moderate to serious lepidopterous pest infestation sprayed with Bt and chemical pesticides in learning and adjoining fields. Take note of presence and number of pests and natural enemies. Interview other farmers, if necessary. List down all observations related to pest and natural enemy activity and occurrence, crops infested, degree, and characteristic damage, etc. 2. Facilitate each to do hands-on of spraying Bt against lepidopterous pests when relatively moderate to serious infestation are observed on organically-grown vegetables in learning field, as follows:
Section 4 • Integrated Insect and Rodent Pests Management 5 Look for localized areas where lepidopterous pests are concentrated; 5 Take note of characteristic damage, plant part damaged, relative density of pests, etc.; 5 If possible, estimate degree of pest infestation per plot; 5 Take note of presence, number, and activity of natural enemies before spraying; compare to plots to be sprayed with chemical insecticides; 5 Perform localized spraying of Bt solution (e.g., recommended dosage and application method) on infested vegetable areas of learning field; 5 Take note again of presence, number and activity of natural enemies after spraying; compare to plots sprayed with chemical insecticides; and 5 Take note of all relevant observations and experiences during this activity. 3. Go back to processing area; brainstorm in small groups and present output to big group. Conduct participatory discussion to allow sharing of experiences among participants and facilitators. Motivate farmers to share their best experiences in using Bt to control lepidopterous pests at relatively moderate to serious infestation levels. Relate shared experiences to effect of Bt on natural enemy populations. 4. Synthesize and summarize output of small groups into one big group output. Draw up conclusions and recommendations from this exercise. some suggested questions for processing discussion ❏ Which areas in plots were most concentrated with lepidopterous pests? ❏ Which organically-grown vegetable crop was more and less infested by lepidopterous pests? What were the most distinguishing characteristics of lepidopterous pest damage? Which parts of plant did lepidopterous pests damage? ❏ Did you observe farmers spraying Bt and chemical insecticides to control lepidopterous pests? Did you observe differences in the presence, number, and activity of pests and natural enemies in organic vegetable crops sprayed with Bt and chemical insecticides? ❏ Did you observe farmers who sprayed Bt alone to control lepidopterous pests? Did farmers practice other innovative strategies to control lepidopterous pests? What are these strategies? ❏ Do farmers consider lepidopterous pests destructive to organically-grown vegetables? ❏ What other cultural management strategies can you use to complement spraying Bt to control lepidopterous pests and enhance natural enemy populations even at relatively moderate to serious infestation levels? 239
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Acknowledgement iv Field Guide of D
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FFS CURRICULUM ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE
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Section 2 GENERAL TOPICS FOR FARMER
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Exercise No. 2.01 12 WHAT IS IN A B
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learning objectives 12 Field Guide
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Exercise No. 2.02 17 GATHERING AND
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5 Approaches and methods to use in
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vegetable Crop Co
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How long will this exercise take? 2
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Exercise No. 2.04 21 ‘BALLOT BOX
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5 Parsley (e.g., carrot and celery)
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materials 36 Field Guide of Discove
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NATURAL ENEMIES OVG 1 40 Field Guid
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Exercise No. 2.07 32 kEEPING RECORD
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LIVING SOIL AND INTEGRATED SOIL NUT
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Exercise No. 3.01 45 LIVING SOIL: A
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Exercise No. 3.02 47 BARANGAY SOIL
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methodology • Field walks, hands-
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Exercise No. 3.03 50 SOIL PROFILE A
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Exercise No. 3.04 SOIL SAMPLING AND
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For Assessing Soil Fertility (Optio
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Exercise No. 3.05 53 THE ‘FEEL ME
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some suggested questions for proces
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Producing Vermi-compost: 88 Field G
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Exercise No. 3.10 ORGANIC FOLIAR SP
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) a.
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For Fermented Fruit Juice (FFJ) 94
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Exercise No. 3.13 UNDERSTANDING ACT
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methodology • Field walks and bra
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Exercise No. 3.14 81 MAINTAINING SO
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Exercise No. 3.16 85 BENCH TERRACIN
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Exercise No. 3.17 88 VERNALIZATION
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materials 122 Field Guide of Discov
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Exercise No. 3.19 92 HYDROIZATION O
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Exercise No. 3.21 97 PRICkING-OFF T
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some suggested question for process
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Exercise No. 3.23 101 GROWING IN EA
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Exercise No. 3.26 104 THINNING AS A
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Exercise No. 3.28 108 CROP SEQUENCI
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Exercise No. 3.30 112 CULTURAL MANA
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Exercise No. 4.01 127 BRUSHING OR S
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Exercise No. 4.03 131 HAND PICkING
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Page 216 and 217: Exercise No. 4.05 135 TRAPPING AS A
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Page 226 and 227: Exercise No. 4.07 142 TIMING OF PLA
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Page 232 and 233: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
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Page 264 and 265: INTEGRATED RODENT MANAGEMENT 240 Fi
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Page 280 and 281: Exercise No. 5.01 174 DISEASE TRIAN
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Exercise No. 5.12 196 UPROOTING AND
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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASES 296
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Exercise No. 5.15 205 BACTERIAL WIL
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Exercise No. 5.16 206 USING TRICHOd
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Exercise No. 5.19 209 USING RESISTA
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Exercise No. 6.02 220 324 Field Gui
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materials • Office supplies (e.g.
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Exercise No. 6.03 222 SURFACE IRRIG
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Exercise No. 6.05 226 SANITATION AS
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Exercise No. 6.06 228 PRUNING AS AN
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5 Pest-infested foliage or other pl
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Exercise No. 6.08 233 CROP ROTATION
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Exercise No. 7.03 246 SEED SELECTIO
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5 Maturity (e.g., number of days fr
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Exercise No. 7.04 PARTICIPATORY PLA
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Exercise No. 7.05 250 DETERMINING R
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Exercise No. 7.07 PROPER HARVESTING
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Exercise No. 7.08 VILLAGE GENEBANk
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Exercise No. 7.09 258 POST-HARVEST
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Exercise No. 7.10 260 MAINTAINING Q
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCT CERTIFICA
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Exercise No. 8.01 UNDERSTANDING ORG
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Exercise No. 8.02 UNDERSTANDING SEC
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MARkETING OF ORGANICALLY-GROWN VEGE
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methodology • Field visit, mini-w
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Participatory Discussion: 414 Field
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Exercise No. 8.05 UNDERSTANDING MAR
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Mini-workshop: 420 Field Guide of D
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Glossary 428 Field Guide of Discove
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Technical Experts: 460 Field Guide
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