Russel-Research-Method-in-Anthropology

144 Chapter 5
Figure 5.3 is a branching tree diagram that shows how these three variables,
each with two attributes, create the eight logical groups for Rotton and Shats’s
CHOICE
YES
HUMOR
NO
HUMOR
YES
NO
YES
NO
EXPECTANCY
EXPECTANCY
YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
Figure 5.3. The eight conditions in Rotton and Shat’s 2 2 2 design.
SOURCE: E. G. Cohn and J. Rotton, ‘‘Assault as a Function of Time and Temperature: A Moderator-Variable
Time-Series Analysis,’’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 72, pp. 1322–1334, 1997, American
Psychological Association, reprinted with permission.
experiment. Table 5.1 shows the same eight-group design, but in a format that
is more common. The eight nodes at the bottom of the tree in figure 5.3 and
the sets of numbers in the eight boxes of table 5.1 are called conditions. For
example, in condition 1 (at the bottom left of figure 5.3), the patients had a
choice of movie; they saw a humorous movie; and they had been led to expect
that humor has healing benefits.
The dependent variables in this study included a self-report by patients on
TABLE 5.1
Three-Way, 2 2 2, Factorial Design
Variable 3
Variable 2 Attribute 1 Attribute 2
Variable 1
Attribute 1
Attribute 2
Attribute 1 1,1,1 Condition 1 1,1,2 Condition 2
Attribute 2 1,2,1 Condition 3 1,2,2 Condition 4
Attribute 1 2,1,1 Condition 5 2,1,2 Condition 6
Attribute 2 2,2,1 Condition 7 2,2,2 Condition 8