Russel-Research-Method-in-Anthropology

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778 Subject Index Garbage Project, 446–48 Geisteswissenschaften, 21, 81 Gemeinschaften, 89 gender: as dichotomous variable, 32–33; participant observation and, 373–74 gender harassment, 384–86 General Enquirer (software), 520 General Social Survey (GSS), 291–92 Genovese, Kitty, 131 Gesellschaften, 89 Gibson, Gordon, 401, 403 Gilbreth, F. B., 17 Gillett-Netting, Rhonda, 290 The Gold Coast and the Slum (Zorbaugh), 346 gold standard test, 58 Gossett, W. S., 180 Government Communications Commission, U.S., 507 grades of deception, 441–44 grand tour question, 220 Griffith, David, 193 grounded theory text analysis, 473, 492– 505; coding, 492–96, 497, 498–99; exemplar quote technique, 503–5; finding themes, 493–95; memoing, 492, 497, 500–503. See also text analysis grouped data: mean calculation, 567–68; median calculation, 564–66 group interviews, 232 GSS (General Social Survey), 291–92 Gutenberg, Johannes, 7 Guttman scale, 321–27, 322, 325; case examples, 324–26; cautions, 326–27; coefficient of reproducibility, 323–24 Hancock, John, 10 hanging out, 368–69 hard-to-find population studies, 190, 191, 192 Harris, Marvin, 423–24 Hayek, F. V., 20 Helmreich, Robert, 44 hermeneutics, 22–23, 473–75 Herskovits, Melville, 199, 426 heterogeneity of populations, 167 Hill, Kim, 377 histograms, 577, 578 history confound, 114 Honigman, John, 401 The Hot Pepper Story, 478 House, Mark, 441 HRAF. See Human Relations Area Files humanism, 3, 21–22 Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), 463, 515, 516 Hume, David, 4, 5 Hunt, George, 465 Husserl, Edmund, 24 hypothesis testing, logic of, 584–87; levels of significance, 585–86; Type I and II errors, 586–87 hypothetico-deductive model of science, 9 IBSS (International Bibliography of the Social Sciences), 102 ICSSID (International Committee on Social Science Information and Documentation), 102 idealist paradigm, 79 idiographic theory, 81, 83–84 IF-THEN charts, 531–34, 533 images, 463 implications, 547 independent variables, 34–35 in-depth interviewing, 210, 212. See also interviewing index cases, 195 indexes, 320–21. See also specific indexes; scaling; composite measures indicators, 35 indigenous research, 373 indirect observation, 413; archival research, 448–50; behavior trace studies, 444–48. See also unobtrusive observation
Subject Index 779 individual attribute data, 146–47 individual proximity matrix, 685, 686 induction, 9 inductive coding, 493 inferential analysis, 549 informal interviewing, 211 informants, 196–207; cultural competence testing, 203–7, 204–5; finding, 197–99; lies and, 199–200; remuneration of, 209; selection of, 200–203, 206–9 infrastructure, 87 instantaneous spot sampling, 425. See also time allocation studies Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), 143 instrumental positivism, 20 instrumentation confound, 115 intelligence, concept of, 40 intensive case studies, 190 interaction chronograph, 415 interaction effects, 145 Interaction Process Analysis, 420 intercoder reliability, 511, 512–15 interinformant variation, 539 interitem correlation, 331–32 internal-external problem, 89 internal states, 90 internal validity, 113 International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), 102 International Committee on Social Science Information and Documentation (ICSSID), 102 Internet-based surveys, 254–55 interpretive analysis, 22–23, 473–75 interpretivism, 3, 21–22 interquartile range, 563, 581 interrater reliability, 115, 512–15. See also intercoder reliability interrupted time series design, 128, 128 intersubjective, 38 interval variables, 47–48 intervening variables, 63, 607 intervention group, 110, 111 interview control, 210–12 interviewers, survey research, 265–68; handling of, 268; hiring of, 267–68; training of, 266–67 Interviewer’s Manual (University of Michigan), 267 interviewing, 210–317; informal interviewing, 211; interview control, 210–12; semistructured interviewing, 210, 212. See also structured interviewing; unstructured interviewing interview schedule, 212 intracultural variation, 454 in vivo coding, 402, 404, 493 IRBs (Institutional Review Boards), 143 Isaac, Glynn, 376 ISI (Thompson Institute for Scientific Information), 98 item analysis, steps to, 330–35; Cronbach’s alpha, 332–34; interitem correlation, 331–32; item total correlation, 331, 334–35; scoring the items, 331 item-total correlation, 331, 334–35 iterative process, 492 The Jack Roller (Shaw), 346 Jacobs, Alan, 375 jargon, participant observation and, 361– 62, 364 Jefferson, Thomas, 12 John Paul II, Pope, 8 Johnson, Earvin ‘‘Magic’’, 128 Johnson, Jeffrey, 198, 199, 404 jottings, 389–91 judgment sampling, 187, 189–91 Justice, U.S. Department of, 507 Kadushin, Charles, 228 Kalymnian case, 66–67 Kant, Immanuel, 4 kappa. See Cohen’s kappa Kendall’s T b , 619–20 Kenny, Michael, 378, 388–89 key informants, 196–200 King, Nigel, 222
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H. Russell Bernard FOURTH EDITION R
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Research Methods in Anthropology Fo
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Contents Preface vii 1. Anthropolog
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Preface Since 1988, when I wrote th
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Preface ix sampling: why we do it a
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Preface xi 21, you will be able to
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Preface xiii testimony. There is an
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Preface xv begin writing the second
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1 ◆ Anthropology and the Social S
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Anthropology and the Social Science
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The Foundations of Social Research
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3 ◆ Preparing for Research Settin
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Preparing for Research 71 research
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Preparing for Research 73 morning u
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Preparing for Research 75 the AAA b
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Preparing for Research 77 showed wh
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Preparing for Research 79 That will
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Preparing for Research 81 mothers.
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Preparing for Research 83 gathering
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Preparing for Research 85 hypothesi
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Preparing for Research 87 I mention
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Preparing for Research 89 A Guide t
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Preparing for Research 91 people re
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Preparing for Research 93 Observed
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Preparing for Research 95 dent. (Re
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The Literature Search 97 too busy t
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The Literature Search 99 year, who
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The Literature Search 101 like demo
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The Literature Search 103 reports e
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The Literature Search 105 gists, in
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The Literature Search 107 Women Sca
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5 ◆ Research Design: Experiments
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Research Design: Experiments and Ex
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Sampling 147 ried around here deliv
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Sampling 149 the potential sampling
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Sampling 151 they’re joined by al
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Sampling 153 116. If the first rand
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Sampling 155 off base in our thinki
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Sampling 157 Cluster Sampling and C
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Sampling 159 Probability Proportion
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Sampling 161 you will properly surv
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Sampling 163 the cluster, the large
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Sampling 165 TABLE 6.2 Comparison o
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Sampling 167 25 Number of Household
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7 ◆ Sampling Theory Distributions
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Sampling Theory 171 In normal distr
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Sampling Theory 173 a lot of inform
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Sampling Theory 175 TABLE 7.2 All S
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Sampling Theory 177 12 10 Number of
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Sampling Theory 179 Calculating Sam
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Sampling Theory 181 Look up what’
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Sampling Theory 183 and we solve fo
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Sampling Theory 185 ables combine t
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Nonprobability Sampling and Choosin
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TABLE 8.4 Matches, Proportions of M
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Interviewing: Unstructured and Semi
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10 ◆ Structured Interviewing I: Q
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Structured Interviewing I: Question
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11 ◆ Structured Interviewing II:
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Structured Interviewing II: Cultura
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Scales and Scaling 319 10 times, or
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Scales and Scaling 321 students’
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Scales and Scaling 323 points. The
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Scales and Scaling 325 TABLE 12.2a
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Scales and Scaling 327 wealth in vi
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Scales and Scaling 329 You may obse
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Scales and Scaling 331 interitem co
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Scales and Scaling 333 ality of a s
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Scales and Scaling 335 TABLE 12.7 T
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Scales and Scaling 337 Having a Col
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Scales and Scaling 339 The Cantril
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Scales and Scaling 341 and has been
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Participant Observation 343 Romanci
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Participant Observation 345 sion, s
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Participant Observation 347 doses o
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Participant Observation 349 great s
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Participant Observation 351 less—
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Participant Observation 353 oped by
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Participant Observation 355 Graham
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Participant Observation 357 ters fr
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Participant Observation 359 washing
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Participant Observation 361 that yo
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Participant Observation 363 ‘‘c
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Participant Observation 365 hall wh
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Participant Observation 367 Maintai
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Participant Observation 369 not to
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Participant Observation 371 pletely
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Participant Observation 373 changed
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Participant Observation 375 Besides
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Participant Observation 377 Thomas
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Participant Observation 379 But not
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Participant Observation 381 baby’
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Participant Observation 383 into fo
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Participant Observation 385 in Mace
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14 ◆ Field Notes: How to Take The
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Field Notes: How to Take Them, Code
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15 ◆ Direct and Indirect Observat
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Direct and Indirect Observation 415
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16 ◆ Introduction to Qualitative
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Introduction to Qualitative and Qua
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START: SEARCH WHOLESALE MARKET FOR
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17 ◆ Qualitative Data Analysis I:
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Qualitative Data Analysis I: Text A
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Qualitative Data Analysis II: Model
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19 ◆ Univariate Analysis The next
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Univariate Analysis 551 But if you
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Univariate Analysis 553 TABLE 19.1
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Univariate Analysis 555 Notice in t
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Univariate Analysis 559 TABLE 19.3b
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Univariate Analysis 561 possible an
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Univariate Analysis 563 people hang
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Univariate Analysis 573 Number of C
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Univariate Analysis 575 some basic
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Univariate Analysis 577 interquarti
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Univariate Analysis 579 countries t
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Univariate Analysis 581 Both groups
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Univariate Analysis 585 would be no
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Univariate Analysis 587 rejecting H
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Univariate Analysis 589 lation, 68.
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Univariate Analysis 591 of Shipibo
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TABLE 19.13 Chi-Square for a Univar
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Bivariate Analysis: Testing Relatio
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TABLE 20.20 Correlation Matrix of A
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21 ◆ Multivariate Analysis Most o
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Multivariate Analysis 651 environme
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Multivariate Analysis 653 TABLE 21.
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TABLE 21.11 Wealth by Education, Co
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Multivariate Analysis 657 it is hig
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Multivariate Analysis 659 ideas abo
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Multivariate Analysis 661 You can a
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Multivariate Analysis 663 which mea
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Multivariate Analysis 667 In fact,
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Multivariate Analysis 669 under plo
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Multivariate Analysis 671 fr .968 R
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Multivariate Analysis 673 earity pr
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Multivariate Analysis 675 BTU and O
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Multivariate Analysis 677 Factor An
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Multivariate Analysis 679 columns h
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Multivariate Analysis 681 4. Across
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Multivariate Analysis 683 instead o
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Multivariate Analysis 687 1.71 1.32
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Multivariate Analysis 689 ‘‘chi
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Multivariate Analysis 691 6, 1, 4.
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Multivariate Analysis 693 Lambros C
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Multivariate Analysis 695 just beca
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698 Appendix A 32179 00597 87379 25
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APPENDIX B Table of Areas under a N
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702 Appendix B (A) (B) (C) (A) (B)
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APPENDIX D Chi-Square Distribution
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APPENDIX E F Table for the .05 Leve
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708 Appendix E F Table for the .01
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APPENDIX F Resources for Fieldworke
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712 References obesity in Saudi Ara
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714 References Beautrais, A. L., P.
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716 References the self-assessment
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718 References Bradburn, N. M. 1983
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720 References ments by considering
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722 References ing in reflected glo
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724 References village. In Self, se
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726 References Duncan, O. D. 1966.
Page 746 and 747: 728 References achieve high respons
Page 748 and 749: 730 References Gatz, M., and M. Hur
Page 750 and 751: 732 References C2KBR/01-1. Washingt
Page 752 and 753: 734 References study of relationshi
Page 754 and 755: 736 References Hornik, J., and S. E
Page 756 and 757: 738 References esses in survey rese
Page 758 and 759: 740 References Kessler, R. C., and
Page 760 and 761: 742 References Laban Moogi Gwako, E
Page 762 and 763: 744 References Lewis, R. B. 2004. N
Page 764 and 765: 746 References McCall, G. 1978. Obs
Page 766 and 767: 748 References Morgan, D. L. 1997.
Page 768 and 769: 750 References Oakhill, J., and A.
Page 770 and 771: 752 References Piliavin, I. M., J.
Page 772 and 773: 754 References nicity-of-interviewe
Page 774 and 775: 756 References Rotton, J., and M. S
Page 776 and 777: 758 References Schwarts, N. A. 2004
Page 778 and 779: 760 References Smith, L. D. 1986. B
Page 780 and 781: 762 References Stricker, L. J. 1988
Page 782 and 783: 764 References pharmacists in HIV/S
Page 784 and 785: 766 References Webb, E. J., D. T. C
Page 786 and 787: 768 References Williams, T. 1996. E
Page 789 and 790: Subject Index Numbers in italics re
Page 791 and 792: Subject Index 773 Campos, Alberto,
Page 793 and 794: Subject Index 775 data analysis, 45
Page 795: Subject Index 777 external states,
Page 799 and 800: Subject Index 781 median, 562, 563-
Page 801 and 802: Subject Index 783 parsimony, princi
Page 803 and 804: Subject Index 785 random digit dial
Page 805 and 806: Subject Index 787 simple scales, 31
Page 807 and 808: Subject Index 789 T-scores, 591 t-t
Page 809 and 810: Author Index Numbers in italics ref
Page 811 and 812: Author Index 793 Choi, N., 33 Choms
Page 813 and 814: Author Index 795 Gregson, S., 93 Gr
Page 815 and 816: Author Index 797 Leap, W., 376 LeCo
Page 817 and 818: Author Index 799 Rashid, R. G., 121
Page 819: Author Index 801 Vadez, V., 55, 93
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