Russel-Research-Method-in-Anthropology

Univariate Analysis 573
Number of Cases
20
15
10
5
Number of Cases
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
1 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
a. GENDER
b.
GUNGHO
Figure 19.1. Bar charts for the variables GENDER and GUNGHO in Table 19.2.
60.0%
1
30.0%
2
13.3%
1
16.7%
3
5
3.3%
2
40.0%
4
36.7%
a. GENDER b. GUNGHO
Figure 19.2. Pie charts for the variables GENDER and GUNGHO in Table 19.2.
Stem-and-Leaf Plots
I like to start visualizing interval data by running stem-and-leaf plots and
box plots. Figure 19.3 shows a stem-and-leaf plot for the variable MFRATIO
in table 19.8.
Inspection of table 19.8 confirms that the lowest value for this variable is
83 men per 100 women (in Latvia). The ‘‘stem’’ in the stem-and-leaf plot is
83, and the 0 next to it is the ‘‘leaf.’’ There are three cases of 95 men per 100
women (Poland, Slovenia, and Armenia), so there are three 0s after the 95
stem. The M in figure 19.3 stands for the median, or the 50th percentile (it’s
98), and the Hs indicate the upper hinge and the lower hinge, or the 25th and
the 75th percentiles. The two cases below 92 and the three cases above 107 are