Russel-Research-Method-in-Anthropology

Subject Index 783
parsimony, principle of, 59
partial correlation, 658–61
partial out, 660
participant observation, 342–86; defined,
343–44; background and history,
344–47; field entry, 356–59; fieldwork
roles, 347–49; gender and, 373–74;
parenting and, 375; personal characteristics
and, 375; sex and, 375–76; survey
research, mixed with, 384–86; survival,
376–78; time investment,
349–53; validity and, 354–56. See also
unobtrusive observation
participant observation, stages of,
378–84; break, 382; culture shock,
379–81; departure, 383–84; exhaustion,
383; focusing, 382–83; initial
contact, 378–79; obvious, discovery of
the, 381–82
participant observation skills, 359–73;
explicit awareness, 364–65; jargon,
361–62, 364; language, 360–63; memory
building, 365–66; naiveté,
366–68; objectivity, 370–73; rapport,
368–70; writing, 368
participant observer, 347
participatory mapping, 352
participatory rapid assessment (PRA),
352
participatory transects, 352
Pascal, Blaise, 16
passive deception, 443–44
path analysis, 670–72. See also multiple
regression
path coefficients, 671
Pearson’s product moment correlation
(r), 621, 622–24, 629–30; shortcut formula,
626; testing the significance of,
630–32
Pelley, William Dudley, 507
periodicity, 151–52
phased assertion, 221–22
phenomenology, 23–24
phonology, 480, 541
Piaget, Jean, 82
pie charts, 572, 573
Pika, Alexander, 377
pile-sorting, 494–95. See also free pile
sorts
pilot studies, 190
Plato, 4
platykurtic distribution, 172, 172, 580
pooled variance, 596–97
Popol Vuh (Quiché Maya manuscript),
476–77
population, 173
population parameters, 146
positive covariants, 603
positivism, 3; alternatives to, 20–24;
early, 12–15; instrumental positivism,
20; logical positivism, 19; social activism
and, 18; Vienna Circle, 18–19
positivist school, 13
postdicting, 66, 534
posttest-only with random assignment
design, 123, 123–24
posttests, 120
power, statistical testing and, 642, 644
power analysis, 587
PPS sampling. See probability proportionate
to size sampling
practical significance, 642
PRA (participatory rapid assessment),
352
Prebisch, Raul, 39
precision, 54
predictive validity, 59
PRE (proportionate reduction of error),
607–9
pretests, 111–12, 120; questionnaires
and, 286–87
primitive axioms, 65
Principles of Professional Responsibility
(AAA), 74
printing press, 7
probability proportionate to size (PPS)
sampling, 159–66; field techniques,
160, 160–62; maximizing betweengroup
variance, 162–66