Sorted By Test Name - Mayo Medical Laboratories

FLPA2
57353
LMPP
83673
would be >5 mg/dL). Lp(a) concentrations of < =15 mg per dL (Lp[a] cholesterol < or =5 mg per dL)
appear not to confer an increased risk. Multivariate analysis suggests that Lp(a) functions independently
of the more conventional risk factors (eg, increased LDL cholesterol, cigarette smoking, diabetes).
Although some recent observations have indicated that Lp(a)-associated cardiovascular risk is significant
only when the concentration of the companion risk factor, LDL, also is increased.
Reference Values:
< or =30 mg/dL
Values >30 mg/dL may suggest increased risk of coronary heart disease.
Clinical References: 1. Utermann G: The mysteries of lipoprotein(a). Science 1989;246:904-910 2.
Lackner C, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH: Molecular definition of the extreme size polymorphism in
apolipoprotein(a). Hum Mol Genet 1993;2:933-940 3. Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S, Jenner JL, et al:
Lipoprotein(a) levels and risk of coronary heart disease in men. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary
Primary Prevention Trial. JAMA 1994;271:999-1003 4. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ: A
prospective study of lipoprotein(a) and the risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 1993;270:2195-2199
Lipoprotein Associated Phospholipase A2 (PLAC)
Reference Values:
0 – 234 ng/mL
Patients with high lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 concentrations greater than or equal to 235
ng/mL are at increased risk for cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
The median lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 value for a healthy population is 235 ng/mL.
This test is performed pursuant to a license agreement with diaDexus, Inc.
Lipoprotein Metabolism Profile
Clinical Information: Levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides are dependent on age, sex, diet,
physical activity profile, and the presence or absence of inheritable and nonheritable metabolic problems.
Abnormalities in the serum lipoprotein profile can suggest various problems in metabolism, liver
function, and renal function, in addition to being reflections of problems in lipid transport. Increased
levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol-rich, small-particle, very low-density lipoprotein
(VLDL), which are seen in type III hyperlipoproteinemia, are risk factors for atherosclerotic disease.
Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are considered favorable in relation to atherosclerotic
disease. While serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol values may be adequate for evaluation of
some patients, for many patients an adequate evaluation can be accomplished only with examination of
the entire lipoprotein profile. Analysis of serum lipoproteins may be of use if the patient's cholesterol,
triglycerides, HDL, or LDL are abnormal (ie, outside the guidelines established by the National
Cholesterol Education Program). In these patients, measurement of only total cholesterol or triglycerides
does not provide sufficient information and may be misleading. Care must be taken in the interpretation of
apparent hypercholesterolemia (increased total cholesterol), since it can reflect an increased LDL with an
increased risk for atherosclerotic disease, or a high level of HDL with a reduced risk. While
hypercholesterolemia is often considered to be an expression of an increased concentration of LDL (type
IIa hyperlipoproteinemia), in some patients increased total cholesterol levels reflect increased levels of
other lipoproteins (eg, HDL, VLDL, or chylomicrons). In addition, hypercholesterolemia can reflect the
presence of "LP-X," the abnormal lipoprotein complex associated with cholestasis or anomalous
conditions. Hypercholesterolemia can best be identified through the combination of electrophoretic
screening and quantitative testing, with the quantitative method determined by the forms of lipoproteins
that are prominent in the electrophoretogram. Identification of patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia
may be helpful for optimal patient management; analysis of VLDL particles is necessary to identify these
patients. VLDL and HDL contain varying amounts of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids; the
cholesterol and triglyceride content in these fractions has clinical significance. A definitive analysis must
include establishing the presence of an increased population of cholesterol-rich VLDL particles of sizes
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