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GRW
82685
non-GCT is critical to provide the appropriate treatment for the patient. Gain of the short arm of
chromosome 12, most commonly as an isochromosome 12p, i(12p), is a highly nonrandom chromosomal
marker seen in a significant percentage of GCT. While i(12p) is not 100% specific for GCT, the literature
indicates it has diagnostic and possible therapeutic relevance for patients with these tumors. Testing of
i(12p) should be concomitant with histologic evaluation, and positive results may support the diagnosis of
GCT.
Useful For: As an aid in the diagnosis of germ cell tumors when used in conjunction with an anatomic
pathology consultation
Interpretation: A neoplastic clone is detected when the percent of cells with an abnormality exceeds
the normal cutoff for the i(12p) probe set. A positive result is consistent with the diagnosis of a germ cell
tumor (GCT). A negative result suggests that the i(12p) marker is not present, but does not exclude the
diagnosis of a GCT.
Reference Values:
An interpretive report will be provided.
Clinical References: 1. Woodward PJ, Heidenreich A, Looijenga LHJ, et al: Germ cell tumors.
WHO classification of tumors: Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male
Genital Organs. 2004 2. Wehle D, Yonescu R, Long PP, et al: Fluorescence in situ hybridization of 12p in
germ cell tumors using a bacterial artificial chromosome clone 12p probe on paraffin-embedded tissue:
clinical test validation. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2008;June;183(2):99-104 3. Poulos C, Cheng L, Zhang S,
et al: Analysis of ovarian teratomas for isochromosome 12p: evidence supporting a dual histogenetic
pathway for teratomatous elements. Modern Pathology 2006 (19):776-771
Giant Ragweed, IgE
Clinical Information: Clinical manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) diseases are
caused by the release of proinflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) from
immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized effector cells (mast cells and basophils) when cell-bound IgE
antibodies interact with allergen. In vitro serum testing for IgE antibodies provides an indication of the
immune response to allergen(s) that may be associated with allergic disease. The allergens chosen for
testing often depend upon the age of the patient, history of allergen exposure, season of the year, and
clinical manifestations. In individuals predisposed to develop allergic disease(s), the sequence of
sensitization and clinical manifestations proceed as follows: eczema and respiratory disease (rhinitis and
bronchospasm) in infants and children less than 5 years due to food sensitivity (milk, egg, soy, and wheat
proteins) followed by respiratory disease (rhinitis and asthma) in older children and adults due to
sensitivity to inhalant allergens (dust mite, mold, and pollen inhalants).
Useful For: Testing for IgE antibodies may be useful to establish the diagnosis of an allergic disease
and to define the allergens responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms. Testing also may be useful to
identify allergens which may be responsible for allergic disease and/or anaphylactic episode, to confirm
sensitization to particular allergens prior to beginning immunotherapy, and to investigate the specificity of
allergic reactions to insect venom allergens, drugs, or chemical allergens.
Interpretation: Detection of IgE antibodies in serum (Class 1 or greater) indicates an increased
likelihood of allergic disease as opposed to other etiologies and defines the allergens that may be
responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms. The level of IgE antibodies in serum varies directly with the
concentration of IgE antibodies expressed as a class score or kU/L.
Reference Values:
Class IgE kU/L Interpretation
0 Negative
1 0.35-0.69 Equivocal
2 0.70-3.49 Positive
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