Sorted By Test Name - Mayo Medical Laboratories

12PTU
89043
FREE
Males: 65-160%
Females
or =50 years: 65-160%
Normal, full-term newborn infants or healthy premature infants may have decreased levels of total
protein S (15-50%); but because of low levels of C4bBP, free protein S may be normal or near the normal
adult level (> or =50%). Total protein S reaches adult levels by 90 to 180 days postnatal.*
*See Pediatric Hemostasis References in Coagulation Studies in Special Instructions.
Clinical References: 1. Borgel D, Gandrille S, Aiach M: Protein S deficiency. Thromb Haemost
1997 July;78(1):351-356 2. De Stefano V, Finazzi G, Mannucci PM: Inherited thrombophilia:
pathogenesis, clinical syndromes, and management. Blood 1996 May 1;87(9):3531-3544 3. Zoller B,
Garcia de Frutos P, Dahlback B: Evaluation of the relationship between protein S and C4b-binding
protein isoforms in hereditary protein S deficiency demonstrating type I and type III deficiencies to be
phenotypic variants of the same genetic disease. Blood 1995 June 15;85(12):3524-3531 4. Grandrille S,
Borgel D, Ireland H, et al: Protein S deficiency: a database of mutations. Thromb Haemost 1997
June;77(6):1201-1214 5. Wolf M, Boyer-Neumann C, Peynaud-Debayle E, et al: Clinical applications of a
direct assay of free protein S antigen using monoclonal antibodies. A study of 59 cases. Blood Coagul
Fibrinolysis 1994 April;5(2):187-192 6. Laroche P, Plassart V, Amiral J: Rapid quantitative latex
immunoassays for diagnosis of thrombotic disorders. Thromb Haemost 1989:62:379 7. Goodwin AJ,
Rosendaal FR, Kottke-Marchant K, Bovill EG: A review of the technical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic
considerations for protein S assays. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002;126:1349-1366 8. Sales M, Begona A,
Rosen S: IL Test Free Protein S: A diagnostic tool for protein S deficiency. IL Laboratories; Hemostaisis
Monograph 9. Serra J, Sales M, Chitolie A, et al: Multicentre evaluation of IL Test Free PS: a fully
automated assay to quantify free protein S. Thromb Haemost 2002;88:975-983
Protein, Total, 12 Hour, Urine
Clinical Information: Protein in urine normally consists of plasma proteins that have been filtered by
glomeruli and not reabsorbed by the proximal tubule, and proteins secreted by renal tubules or other
accessory glands. Increased amounts of protein in the urine may be due to: -Glomerular proteinuria:
defects in permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier to plasma proteins (eg, glomerulonephritis or
nephrotic syndrome) -Tubular proteinuria: incomplete tubular reabsorption of proteins (eg, interstitial
nephritis) -Overflow proteinuria: increased plasma concentration of proteins that exceeds capacity for
proximal tubular reabsorption (eg, multiple myeloma, myoglobinuria) -Urinary tract inflammation or
tumor -Preeclampsia -Orthostatic proteinuria In pregnant women, a urinary protein excretion of >300
mg/24 hours is frequently cited as consistent with preeclampsia, and 12-hour total protein excretion
highly correlates with 24-hour values in this patient population (1,2). Orthostatic proteinuria is
characterized by increased protein excretion in the upright position, but normal levels when supine. This
condition can be detected by comparing urine protein levels in a collection split between day and night
(see #83190 “Orthostatic Protein, Urineâ€â€). Orthostatic proteinuria is common in childhood and
adolescence, but rare after age 30.
Useful For: Evaluation of renal disease Screening for monoclonal gammopathy Screening for postural
(orthostatic) proteinuria In select clinical situations, collection of a 12-hour specimen may allow more
rapid detection of proteinuria states (eg, screening pregnant patients for preeclampsia)
Interpretation: Total urine protein determined to be >500 mg/24 hours should be evaluated by
immunofixation to assess if there is a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain and, if present, identify it
as either kappa or lambda type. Urinary protein levels may rise to 300 mg/24 hours in healthy individuals
after vigorous exercise. Low-grade proteinuria may be seen in inflammatory or neoplastic processes
involving the urinary tract.
Reference Values: