Sorted By Test Name - Mayo Medical Laboratories

FNORO
91893
FNLV
91366
used as antianxiety, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant agents. Diazepam (Valium) also is frequently used to
treat status epilepticus, which is a state of rapidly recurring convulsive seizures that will not respond
immediately to conventional anticonvulsant therapy. Although diazepam has been the benzodiazepine of
choice for status epilepticus, recent evidence indicates that other drugs may be more beneficial because
they provide longer control of seizures and produce less cardiorespiratory depression. Patients develop
tolerance to diazepam, which requires that they be converted to phenobarbital or phenytoin within 24 to
48 hours of seizure control with diazepam. Diazepam is administered intravenously or intramuscularly at
a dose of 10 to 20 mg in adults to control recurrent seizures. It is rapidly absorbed, reaching peak plasma
concentrations in 1 hour. Drug elimination follows a biphasic pattern with a rapid phase of 2 to 3 hours
followed by a slow decay with a half-life of 2 to 8 days. After steady-state concentrations are achieved (in
about a week), a half-life of 3 to 4 days is found. Diazepam has a volume of distribution of 1.1 L/kg, a
half-life of 48 hours, and is 99% protein bound in serum. Nordiazepam is the major metabolite of
diazepam, tranxene, and prazepam, and can be differentiated from other benzodiazepines by gas-liquid
chromatography (GLC). Nordiazepam has a blood half-life of 4 to 5 days.
Useful For: Assessing compliance Monitoring for appropriate therapeutic level Assessing toxicity
Interpretation: For seizures: Serum concentrations are not usually monitored during early therapy
because response to the drug can be monitored clinically as seizure control. If seizures resume despite
adequate therapy, another anticonvulsant must be considered. For antianxiety and other uses: -Therapeutic
concentrations of diazepam are 0.2 to 0.8 mcg/mL -After a normal dose of diazepam, tranxene, or
prazepam, nordiazepam concentrations range from 0.4 to 1.2 mcg/mL -Sedation occurs when the total
benzodiazepine concentration is >2.5 mcg/mL
Reference Values:
Therapeutic concentration: 0.2-1.0 mcg/mL
Clinical References: 1. Reidenberg MM, Levy M, Warner H, et al: Relationship between diazepam
dose, plasma level, age, and central nervous system depression. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978 Apr;
23(4):371-374 2. Kelly RC, Anthony RM, Krent L, et al: Toxicological determination of benzodiazepines
in serum: methods and concentrations associated with high-dose intravenous therapy with diazepam. Clin
Toxicol 1979 Apr;14(4):445-457
Norovirus RNA, RT-PCR
Reference Values:
Reference Range: Not Detected
Test Performed by: Focus Diagnostics, Inc.
5785 Corporate Avenue
Cypress, CA 90630-4750
Norovirus, EIA (Stool)
Reference Values:
Norovirus Antigen: Negative
A Positive result indicates the presence of
Norovirus antigen, but does not differentiate
genotype 1 and 2. Other potential gastrointestinal
pathogens may still be present. A Negative result
does not fully exclude the presence of Norovirus
or infection. Results should always be interpreted
in combination with the full clinical picture.
Test Performed By: Focus Diagnostics, Inc.
5785 Corporate Ave.
Current as of January 4, 2013 7:15 pm CST 800-533-1710 or 507-266-5700 or MayoMedicalLaboratories.com Page 1319