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proteins) followed by respiratory disease (rhinitis and asthma) in older children and adults due to
sensitivity to inhalant allergens (dust mite, mold, and pollen inhalants).
Useful For: Testing for IgE antibodies may be useful to establish the diagnosis of an allergic disease
and to define the allergens responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms. Testing also may be useful to
identify allergens which may be responsible for allergic disease and/or anaphylactic episode, to confirm
sensitization to particular allergens prior to beginning immunotherapy, and to investigate the specificity of
allergic reactions to insect venom allergens, drugs, or chemical allergens.
Interpretation: Detection of IgE antibodies in serum (Class 1 or greater) indicates an increased
likelihood of allergic disease as opposed to other etiologies and defines the allergens that may be
responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms. The level of IgE antibodies in serum varies directly with the
concentration of IgE antibodies expressed as a class score or kU/L.
Reference Values:
Class IgE kU/L Interpretation
0 Negative
1 0.35-0.69 Equivocal
2 0.70-3.49 Positive
3 3.50-17.4 Positive
4 17.5-49.9 Strongly positive
5 50.0-99.9 Strongly positive
6 > or =100 Strongly positive Reference values
apply to all ages.
Clinical References: Homburger HA: Allergic diseases. In Clinical Diagnosis and Management by
Laboratory Methods. 21st edition. Edited by McPherson RA, Pincus MR. WB Saunders, Publ, New York,
Chapter 53, Part VI, pp. 961-971, 2007
Oxalate Analysis in Hemodialysate
Clinical Information: Oxalate is a dicarboxylic acid, an end product of glyoxalate and glycerate
metabolism that is excreted in the urine where it is a common component of kidney stones (up to 85%).
Hyperoxaluria can be either genetic (eg, primary hyperoxaluria) or acquired/secondary (eg, enteric
hyperoxaluria), and can lead to nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. Monitoring the adequacy of oxalate
removal during hemodialysis can be useful in the management of patients with hyperoxaluria and renal
failure, particularly following transplantation.
Useful For: Determining of the amount of oxalate removed during a dialysis session Individualizing
the dialysis prescription of hyperoxaluric patients
Interpretation: A steady decrease in oxalate signal is expected through dialysis procedure. Signals
below 2 mcM should be considered ideal conditions. Total oxalate removed during a dialysis session can
be estimated by multiplying the concentration of oxalate in the dialysate by the oxalate flow rate for each
time period that the oxalate is measured.
Reference Values:
Not applicable
Clinical References: 1. Canavese C, Petrarulo M, Massarenti P, et al: Long-term, low-dose,
intravenous vitamin C leads to plasma calcium oxalate supersaturation in hemodialysis patients. Am J
Kidney Dis 2005 Mar;45(3):540-549 2. Koch GH, Strong FM. Determination of oxalate in urine. Anal
Biochem 1969 Jan;27(1):162-171 3. Marangella M, Petrarulo M, Mandolfo S, et al: Plasma profiles and
dialysis kinetics of oxalate in patients receiving hemodialysis. Nephron 1992;60(1):74-80 4. Marangella
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