Sorted By Test Name - Mayo Medical Laboratories

DABAR
505335
Urine
Clinical Information: Amphetamines are sympathomimetic amines that stimulate central nervous
system activity and, in part, suppress appetite. Phentermine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine are
prescription drugs for weight loss. All of the other amphetamines are Class I (distribution prohibited)
compounds. In addition to their medical use as anorectic drugs, they are used in the treatment of
narcolepsy and minimal brain dysfunction. Because of their stimulant effects, the drugs are commonly
sold illicitly and abused. Physiological symptoms associated with amphetamine overdose include elevated
blood pressure, dilated pupils, hyperthermia, convulsions and acute psychosis.
Useful For: Confirming drug abuse involving amphetamines such as amphetamine and
methamphetamine, phentermine,, methylenediaoxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), and
methylene-diaoxyethylamphetamine (MDA, a metabolite of MDMA and MDEA)
Interpretation: The presence of amphetamines in urine concentrations >499 ng/mL is a strong
indicator that the patient has used 1 of these drugs within the past 3 days. This test is very specific and
does not produce a false-positive result when over-the-counter drugs are present in the specimen. This test
will produce true-positive results for urine specimens collected from patients who are administered
Adderall and Benzedrine (which contain amphetamine); Desoxyn and Vicks Inhaler (which contain
methamphetamine); Selegiline (metabolizes to methamphetamine and amphetamine); and clobenzorex,
famprofazone, fenethylline, fenproporex, and mefenorex (which are amphetamine pro-drugs).
Reference Values:
Negative
EMIT cutoff concentration: 500 ng/mL
Positives are reported with a quantitative GC/MS result.
Clinical References: Baselt RC, Cravey RH: Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man.
Third edition. Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers, 1989
Drug of Abuse, Barbiturate Screen with GC-MS Confirmation,
Urine
Clinical Information: Barbiturates constitute a class of central nervous system depressants. They are
classified on their duration of action. The duration of action is approximately 15 minutes for the
short-acting types (eg, secobarbital and pentobarbital), and a day or more for the long-acting types (eg,
phenobarbital). Short-acting barbiturates are usually excreted in the urine as metabolites, while the
long-acting barbiturates appear primarily unchanged. Barbiturates were originally introduced as sleep
inducers. Butalbital also is used to control severe headaches. Mephobarbital and phenobarbital are
frequently used to control major motor (grand mal) seizures. These drugs are commonly abused as
"downers" to induce sleep after an amphetamine- or cocaine-induced "high".
Useful For: Screening and confirming drug abuse involving barbiturates such as amobarbital,
butalbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital.
Interpretation: The presence of barbiturate in urine at >300 ng/mL indicates use of one of these drugs.
Most barbiturates are fast acting; their presence indicates use within the past 3 days. Phenobarbital,
commonly used to control epilepsy, has a very long half-life. The presence of phenobarbital in urine
indicates that the patient has used the drug sometime within the past 30 days.
Reference Values:
Negative
Positives are reported with a quantitative GC-MS result.
EMIT cutoff concentration: 200 ng/mL
Clinical References: Baselt RC, Cravey RH: Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals In Man. 3rd
edition. Chicago, IL Year Book Medical Publishers, 1989
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