Sorted By Test Name - Mayo Medical Laboratories

CHOU
9255
COHBB
8649
isoforms (ie, carbohydrate deficient transferring: CDT >0.12). CDT results from 0.11 to 0.12 are
considered indeterminate. Patients with liver disease due to genetic or nongenetic causes may also have
abnormal results.
Reference Values:
< or =0.10
0.11-0.12 (indeterminate)
Clinical References: 1. Delanghe JR, De Buyzere ML: Carbohydrate deficient transferrin and
forensic medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2009;406:1-7 2. Fleming MF, Anton RF, Spies CD: A review of
genetic, biological, pharmacological, and clinical factors that affect carbohydrate-deficient transferrin
levels. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004;28(9):1347-1355 3. Salaspuro M: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as
compared to other markers of alcoholism: a systematic review. Alcohol 1999;19:261-271 4. Stibler H:
Carbohydrate-deficient transferring in serum: a new marker of potentially harmful alcohol consumption
reviewed. Clin Chem 1991;37:2029-2037 5. Stibler H, Borg S: Evidence of a reduced sialic acid content
in serum transferrin in male alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1981;5:545-549
Carbohydrate, Urine
Clinical Information: Saccharides (also called carbohydrates) are a group of mono-, di-, and
oligosaccharides of endogenous and exogenous sources. Their presence frequently reflects dietary
onsumption, but can indicate specific pathology if either a particular saccharide or a particular excretory
pattern is present. Most saccharides (except glucose) have low renal thresholds and are readily excreted in
the urine. The presence of saccharides in urine is seen in some inborn errors of metabolism. Urine tests for
reducing substances (eg, copper reduction test) are often used to screen for those disorders. However, in
addition to sugars, a number of other substances present in biological fluids (eg, salicylates, uric acid,
hippuric acid, ascorbic acid) have reducing properties. Conversely, some saccharides such as sucrose and
trehalose do not have reducing properties. Other saccharides present at low concentrations may not be
identified by reducing tests. Substances in urine may inhibit glucose oxidase-based tests and also, other
saccharides of diagnostic importance may be present along with glucose in urine. Chromatography of
urinary saccharides is, therefore, required in many instances to identify the particular species of
saccharide present. Any specimen tested for urinary carbohydrates is concurrently tested for the presence
of succinyl nucleosides to screen for inborn errors of purine synthesis.
Useful For: Screening for disorders with increased excretion of fructose, glucose, galactose,
disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and succinylpurines
Interpretation: The saccharide(s) present is named, identification of the probable source, and an
interpretive comment is provided.
Reference Values:
Negative
If positive, carbohydrate is identified.
Clinical References: 1. Steinmann B, Gitzelmann R, Van den Berghe, G: Disorders of fructose
metabolism. In The Metabolic and Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease. Vol. 3. 8th edition. Edited by
CR Scriver, AL Beaudet, WS Sly, D Valle. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2001, pp
3635-3656 2. Race V, Marie S, Vincent M, et al: Clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic correlations
in adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2000 Sep 1;9(14):2159-2165
Carbon Monoxide, Blood
Clinical Information: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning causes anoxia, because CO binds to
hemoglobin with an affinity 240 times greater than that of oxygen, thus preventing delivery of oxygen to
the tissues. Twenty percent saturation of hemoglobin induces symptoms (headache, fatigue, dizziness,
confusion, nausea, vomiting, increased pulse, and respiratory rate). Sixty percent saturation is usually
fatal. This concentration is reached when there is 1 part CO per 1,000 parts air. Carboxyhemoglobin
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