Sorted By Test Name - Mayo Medical Laboratories

should be drawn and tested. Rubella: By early adulthood, approximately 80% to 90% of the population of
the United States show serologic evidence of having experienced rubella diseases. Rubella vaccine is
recommended for all children, many adolescents, and some adults (particularly females) unless it is
specifically contraindicated. These facts indicate that the expected number of negative rubella serologies
will be very low. A positive result indicates prior immunization or exposure to the virus and immunity
against rubella. Seroconversion indicates infection subsequent to the first negative specimen.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Individuals with negative CMV IgG results are presumed to have not
experienced infection with CMV and, therefore, are susceptible to primary infection. A single positive
CMV IgG result indicates past or current CMV infection. Such individuals are potentially at risk of
transmitting CMV infection through blood products; the likelihood of transmission by other modes is not
known. Seroconversion, determined by parallel testing of acute and convalescent phase specimens, is
required to determine whether the infection is a current active infection or a past exposure. A ratio of > or
=2 in paired sera (acute and convalescent) IgG values (ie, seroconversion), along with a convalescent
antibody level of >6, is indicative of a recent infection. The infection may either be primary or a
reactivation of a preexisting latent process with active viral excretion. Seroconversion indicates infection
subsequent to the first negative specimen. CMV infections are quite common. Approximately 60% to
85% of the population is believed to be infected by age 18. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): The presence of
antibodies specific for HSV type 1 or 2 indicates infection with the corresponding serotype of the virus. A
single positive specimen only indicates exposure at some point in time (past or recent). Seroconversion,
determined by parallel testing of acute and convalescent phase specimens, is required to determine
whether the infection is a current active infection or a past exposure. Seroconversion indicates infection
subsequent to the first negative specimen.
Reference Values:
Toxoplasma ANTIBODY, IgG
or =8 IU/mL (positive)
RUBELLA ANTIBODIES, IgG
Negative
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) ANTIBODIES, IgG
or =6 AU/mL (positive)
A convalescent IgG antibody level of >6 AU/mL combined with a ratio of > or =2 in a paired sera
(seroconversion) IgG titer indicates recent infection. The presence of only IgG antibodies generally
indicates past infection with CMV.
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) TYPE 1, IgG
Negative (reported as positive, negative, or equivocal)
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) TYPE 2, IgG
Negative (reported as positive, negative, or equivocal)
Clinical References: 1. Luft BJ, Remington JS: Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. Clin Infect Dis
1992 August;15(2):211-222 2. Wong SY, Remington JS: Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis
1994 June;18(6):853-862 3. Yelland MJ: Rubella immune status in general practice. Aust Fam Physician
1989 Oct;18(10):1279-1281, 1284-1285 4. Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory
Committee: Centers for Disease Control Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1981;30:37-47 5. Kusne
S, Shapiro R, Fung J: Prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in organ transplant
recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 1999 Sep;1(3):187-203 6. Rubin RH: Importance of CMV in the transplant
population. Transpl Infect Dis 1999;1(1):3-7 7. Ashley RL, Wald A: Genital herpes: review of the
epidemic and potential use of type-specific serology. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999 Jan;12(1):1-8 8. Ashley
RL, Wu L, Pickering JW, et al: Premarket evaluation of a commercial glycoprotein G-based enzyme
immunoassay for herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 1998 Jan;36(1):294-295
9. Brown ZA, Selke S, Zeh J, et al: The acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy. N Engl J
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