Sorted By Test Name - Mayo Medical Laboratories

MUR
8507
LYSO
82398
Clinical References: 1. Benson MD: The hereditary amyloidoses. Best Pract Res Clin Rhematol
2003;17:909-927 2. Benson MD: Ostertag revisited: The inherited systemic amyloidoses without
neuropathy. Amyloid 2005;12(2):75-87 3. Shiller SM, Dogan A, Highsmith WE: Laboratory Methods for
the Diagnosis of Hereditary Amyloidoses. In Amyloidosis-Mechanisms and Prospects for Therapy. Edited
by S Sarantseva. InTech, 2011. pp 101-120
Lysozyme (Muramidase), Plasma
Clinical Information: Lysozyme is a bacteriolytic enzyme that is found in some hematopoietic cells.
It is primarily present in granulocytes, monocytes, and histiocytes. The enzyme is present in only minute
amounts in lymphocytes; and is not present in myeloblasts, eosinophils, and basophils. Lysozyme in the
plasma comes chiefly from the degradation of granulocytes and monocytes and its concentration reflects
the turnover of these cells. Increases are seen in benign (eg, infection, inflammation) and malignant
processes(eg, some leukemias). Plasma lysozyme is elevated in patients with acute or chronic
granulocytic or monocytic leukemias and falls with successful treatment. Conversely, patients with
lymphocytic leukemia may have depressed plasma lysozyme levels. Patients with renal disorders
(including rejection of transplanted kidneys) or Crohnâ€s disease (regional enteritis) also tend to have
elevated levels of plasma lysozyme.
Useful For: Confirming marked increases in the granulocyte or monocyte pools as in granulocytic or
monocytic leukemias, myeloproliferative disorders, and malignant histiocytosis Following the course of
therapy in cases of chronic granulocytic or chronic monocytic leukemias
Interpretation: Levels >200 mcg/mL may be seen in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (M2, M4, M5)
or chronic granulocytic leukemias.
Reference Values:
2.7-9.4 mcg/mL
Clinical References: Catovsky D, Galton DA, Griffin C: The significance of lysozyme estimations
in acute myeloid and chronic monocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haematol 1971;21:565-580
Lysozyme, IgE
Clinical Information: Clinical manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) diseases are
caused by the release of proinflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) from
immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized effector cells (mast cells and basophils) when cell-bound IgE
antibodies interact with allergen. In vitro serum testing for IgE antibodies provides an indication of the
immune response to allergen(s) that may be associated with allergic disease. The allergens chosen for
testing often depend upon the age of the patient, history of allergen exposure, season of the year, and
clinical manifestations. In individuals predisposed to develop allergic disease(s), the sequence of
sensitization and clinical manifestations proceed as follows: eczema and respiratory disease (rhinitis and
bronchospasm) in infants and children less than 5 years due to food sensitivity (milk, egg, soy, and wheat
proteins) followed by respiratory disease (rhinitis and asthma) in older children and adults due to
sensitivity to inhalant allergens (dust mite, mold, and pollen inhalants).
Useful For: Testing for IgE antibodies may be useful to establish the diagnosis of an allergic disease
and to define the allergens responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms. Testing also may be useful to
identify allergens which may be responsible for allergic disease and/or anaphylactic episode, to confirm
sensitization to particular allergens prior to beginning immunotherapy, and to investigate the specificity of
allergic reactions to insect venom allergens, drugs, or chemical allergens.
Interpretation: Detection of IgE antibodies in serum (Class 1 or greater) indicates an increased
likelihood of allergic disease as opposed to other etiologies and defines the allergens that may be
responsible for eliciting signs and symptoms. The level of IgE antibodies in serum varies directly with the
concentration of IgE antibodies expressed as a class score or kU/L.
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