Sorted By Test Name - Mayo Medical Laboratories

DABZO
505337
DAUCO
505230
Drug of Abuse, Benzodiazepine Screen with GC-MS
Confirmation, Urine
Clinical Information: The benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants composed of over
20 parent compounds. The structure of the benzodiazepines varies mainly by substitution of the
benzodiazepine ring. Benzodiazepines are minor tranquilizers, often referred to as anxiolytics (drugs used
to control anxiety). Benzodiazepines also are prescribed as muscle relaxants, anesthetic adjuncts,
anticonvulsants, and as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders. Due to their wide availability and
distribution, a high potential for benzodiazepine abuse exists. Benzodiazepine mode of action is primarily
to enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated transmission. The benzodiazepines are
extensively metabolized with half-lives ranging from 2 to 100 hours. Urine level variation is due to
individual parent excretion rates as well as metabolic rates.
Useful For: Confirmation of drug abuse involving benzodiazepines such as alprazolam,
chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, and triazolam.
Interpretation: This test screens for the presence of common metabolites of benzodiazepines. The
presence of a benzodiazepine metabolite indicates recent use within the past 3 days of the fast-acting
drugs such as alprazolam, flurazepam, or triazolam. Chlordiazepoxide and diazepam are cleared very
slowly-the presence of their metabolites indicates use sometime within the past 30 to 40 days. This test
detects nordiazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam as common metabolites of either chlordiazepoxide or
diazepam, lorazepam as the parent drug, hydroxyethylflurorazepam as the metabolite of flurazepam,
alpha-hydroxyalprazolam as the metabolite of alprazolam, alpha-hydroxytriazolam as the metabolite of
triazolam, 7-aminoclonazepam as the metabolite of clonazepam, and 7-amino-flunitrazepam as the
metabolite of flunitrazepam (Rohypnol).
Reference Values:
Negative
EMIT cutoff concentration: 200 ng/mL
Positives are reported with a quantitative GC/MS result.
This report is intended for clinical monitoring and management of patients. It is not intended for use in
employment-related drug testing.
Clinical References: 1. Porter WF, Moyer TP: Clinical toxicology. In Tietz Textbook of Clinical
Chemistry. Second Edition. Edited by CA Burtis, ER Ashwood. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company,
1994, pp 1155-1235 2. Baselt RC, Cravey RH: Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals In Man. Third
edition. Chicago, IL, Year Book Medical Publishers, 1989
Drug of Abuse, Cocaine Screen with GC-MS Confirmation, Urine
Clinical Information: Cocaine, a central nervous system stimulant, is a drug of current health
concern because of its proliferation among recreational drug abusers. Cocaine can be taken in a variety of
ways. It can be inhaled, injected intravenously, or the base can be smoked (crack). Freebase and crack
increase the potential for major toxicity. Increasingly, laboratory results are disputed or there are
medical/legal overtones. Therefore, physicians are finding an increased need to confirm positive results
before informing or confronting the patients. Cocaine is almost completely metabolized by the liver, with
only about 1% being excreted unchanged. The rate of excretion depends on the individual and the mode
of administration. Benzoylecgonine is the major metabolite, but some is excreted as ecgonine methyl ester
and ecgonine. Benzoylecgonine can be detected in urine within 4 hours following inhalation and can
remain detectable for as long as 48 hours.
Useful For: Detecting drug abuse involving cocaine
Interpretation: The presence of cocaine, or its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine indicates use within
the past 4 days. Cocaine has a 6-hour half-life, so it will be present in urine for 1 day after last use.
Benzoylecgonine has a half-life of 12 hours, so it will be detected in urine up to 4 days after last use.
Reference Values:
Negative
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