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TOIi SEeRETHeOMINTHX1 HAILAND --Roods and feeder routes ------ Other routes Infiltration trail Crees 30 I Sea Ie (n mil generally all weather - in this case hardened gravel surface with tree logs perpendicularly inlaid for roadbed stability and vehicle movement during the rainy season. Initially, this system of roads totalled about 400 kilometers and utilized the existing roadway system out of North Vietnam into Laos and down to Tchepone. Travel south of Tchepone into South Vietnam, for the first few years, was by foot along a network of trails. In later years, this final southern 500 or so kilometers of the trail would be developed by upgrading various north-south routes like 92, 13, and 23. By 1966, the DRVhad built another nine hundred kilometers of truck-capable roads on the infiltration routes. Newer roads often had steel mesh plates or wooden planking with pierced steel anchors. The above map illustrates the road system already available for the trail. CAMBODIA -f51-Ho Chi Minh road system Pleiku • Air Command's monstrous B-52s from Guam Island were brought in. On 12April 1966, twentynine B-52s hit a three-mile strip of the Mu Gia pass with about 900 tons of bombs. MACV HQ in Saigon called the strike a success, but follow-up aerial reconnaissance showed truck traffic moving through the pass within twenty-four hours of the strike. 50 A second strike less than two weeks later by another flight of B-52s experienced the same results: all the bomb craters were filled and traffic was moving through the pass within eighteen hours." In later years, to further sidestep the air strikes against the passes, the North Vietnamese would utilize a more southerly route, which skirted west along the DMZ before turning again south into Laos along Route #92. CD) This northern part of the infiltration system was, at first, the most developed from an engineering standpoint. That is, roadways were ~Alongside the roads ran a system of trails. Some trails paralleled the roads while others also spread out, web-like, into South Vietnam. The trails were used primarily for the movement of personnel and were independent of the roads. While the layout and total distance of the trail system was not precisely known, some estimates placed it about a density ten times greater than the roads. 52 Nearer the border to South Vietnam, the system was extremely intricate. Trails varied in size and capability from about one-half to two meters wide. Some could support bicycle transport. The map on the next page is an example of the estimated density of the personnel trails near the DMZ. CD) As the Indochina War ground on, the infiltration routes continued to be expanded and improved until around 1973 when it had an estimated nine to fourteen thousand kilometers of roads and trails. Considering that the straight north-south distance from the supply terminals in the DRVto points in South Vietnam measured about nine hundred kilometers, the size and complexity of the Ho Chi Minh Trail were impressive. Page 98 fap SE6REli'l6eMINfh'iE1
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