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lap SEeREllieaMIPfFH)(1<br />

59. ('f'~//~n Ibid., 14.<br />

60. ('f~/J ~I) "Historical Study of CO~lINT<br />

Production, Process<strong>in</strong>g Volume. 1949-1953." CCH<br />

Series V1.1.13.<br />

61. (T5;'/5I) William Gerhard, In the Shadow o]<br />

H'ar: (To the Gulf (~( Tonk<strong>in</strong>), Cryptologic History<br />

Series, 1969. 15-16.<br />

45. (TS;'/5I) Ibid·1 62. (T~//~I) Peterson, Appendix B. Terms of<br />

Reference.<br />

63. (Tg//~I) "Historical Study of CO]\!II~T<br />

Production," CCH Series \:1.1.13.<br />

65. (T5//5I) Ibid., 183.<br />

1\<br />

lEO<br />

1. 4. (c)<br />

48. ,1'0;/1'51) AFSA-23 #0265. 2 .Iune 1~7-8,<br />

CCH Series XII.N~.II.B.5.<br />

49. (Tg//gI) Ibid., 7.<br />

51. (T5/;'fijjI) Ibid., 4.<br />

52. (T5//SI) Ibid., 8.<br />

58. ('f~//:olI) Ibid., 11+i////<br />

.// //<br />

70. (U) Ronald Spector, The U.S Army 11l<br />

Vietnam: Advice and Support, 1941-1960<br />

(Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C.: Center for Military History, U.S.<br />

Army), 182.<br />

71. (U) Bernard Fall, Hell <strong>in</strong> a Very Small Place:<br />

The Siege ofDien Bien Phu (New York: Da Capo Press,<br />

1985), 31-35. To this confusion of reasonable military<br />

rationales can be added another popularly held conception<br />

that the French move was <strong>in</strong>spired by its <strong>in</strong>telligence<br />

services' desire to reta<strong>in</strong> a highly profitable<br />

source of fund<strong>in</strong>g for its operations through opium<br />

traffick<strong>in</strong>g. See Porch. The French Secret Services<br />

(New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 1995). In reality,<br />

it probably was the Viet M<strong>in</strong>h who prospered from<br />

the opium trade, us<strong>in</strong>g it for its own pharmaceutical<br />

needs and sell<strong>in</strong>g or trad<strong>in</strong>g the rest for weapons and<br />

supplies. See Schulz<strong>in</strong>ger.A Time for vFar: The United<br />

States and Vietnam, 1941-1975 (Oxford University<br />

Press. 1997).59.<br />

I<br />

74. (T5//5I) Bruce Davidson, Vietnam at War<br />

(New York: Oxford University Press), 196; also see<br />

I<br />

EO 1.4. (c)<br />

EO 1.4. (d) lap SEeREli'JeOMINlJ()(1 Page 47

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