Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences by Frederick J. Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau ISBN 10: 1305504917 ISBN 13: 9781305504912

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266 CHAPTER 8 | Introduction to Hypothesis Testingtreatment effect and plans to use a two-tailed hypothesistest with α = .05.a. Compute the power of the test if the researcher usesa sample of n = 9 individuals. (See Example 8.6.)b. Compute the power of the test if the researcheruses a sample of n = 16 individuals.20. A researcher plans to conduct an experiment evaluatingthe effect of a treatment. A sample of n = 9participants is selected and each person receives thetreatment before being tested on a standardized dexteritytask. The treatment is expected to lower scoreson the test by an average of 30 points. For the regularpopulation, scores on the dexterity task form a normaldistribution with μ = 240 and σ = 30.a. If the researcher uses a two-tailed test withα = .05, what is the power of the hypothesis test?b. Again assuming a two-tailed test with α = .05,what is the power of the hypothesis test if thesample size is increased to n = 25?21. Research has shown that IQ scores have been increasingfor years (Flynn, 1984, 1999). The phenomenonis called the Flynn effect and the data indicate that theincrease appears to average about 7 points per decade.To examine this effect, a researcher obtains an IQ testwith instructions for scoring from 10 years agoand plans to administers the test to a sample ofn = 25 of today’s high school students. Ten yearsago, the scores on this IQ test produced a standardizeddistribution with a mean of μ = 100 and astandard deviation σ = 15. If there actually has beena 7-point increase in the average IQ during the past10 years, then find the power of the hypothesis testfor each of the following.a. The researcher uses a two-tailed hypothesis testwith α = .05 to determine if the data indicate asignificant change in IQ over the past 10 years.b. The researcher uses a one-tailed hypothesis testwith α = .05 to determine if the data indicate asignificant increase in IQ over the past 10 years.22. Briefly explain how increasing sample size influenceseach of the following. Assume that all other factorsare held constant.a. The size of the z-score in a hypothesis test.b. The size of Cohen’s d.c. The power of a hypothesis test.23. Explain how the power of a hypothesis test is influencedby each of the following. Assume that all otherfactors are held constant.a. Increasing the alpha level from .01 to .05.b. Changing from a one-tailed test to a two-tailed test.
Introduction to the t StatisticCHAPTER9Tools You Will NeedThe following items are consideredessential background material for thischapter. If you doubt your knowledgeof any of these items, you shouldreview the appropriate chapter orsection before proceeding.■ Sample standard deviation(Chapter 4)■ Degrees of freedom (Chapter 4)■ Standard error (Chapter 7)■ Hypothesis testing (Chapter 8)PREVIEW9.1 The t Statistic: An Alternative to z9.2 Hypothesis Tests with the t Statistic9.3 Measuring Effect Size for the t Statistic9.4 Directional Hypotheses and One-Tailed TestsSummaryFocus on Problem SolvingDemonstrations 9.1 and 9.2Problems© Deborah Batt267
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EDITION10Statistics for theBehavior
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Statistics for the Behavioral Scien
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CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 Introduction to S
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CONTENTSvii5.4 Using z-Scores to St
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CONTENTSixCHAPTER 10 The t Test for
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CONTENTSxiCHAPTER 15 Correlation 48
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PREFACEMany students in the behavio
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PREFACExv3. The former Chapter 19,
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PREFACExviiTo the StudentA primary
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ABOUT THE AUTHORSFREDERICK J GRAVET
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PREVIEWBefore we begin our discussi
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4 CHAPTER 1 | Introduction to Stati
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10 CHAPTER 1 | Introduction to Stat
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PREVIEWThere is some evidence that
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36 CHAPTER 2 | Frequency Distributi
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Central TendencyCHAPTER3Tools You W
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SECTION 3.1 | Overview 69DEFINITION
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SECTION 3.2 | The Mean 71research r
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SECTION 3.2 | The Mean 73the distri
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SECTION 3.2 | The Mean 75TABLE 3.1S
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SECTION 3.2 | The Mean 77Table 3.2
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SECTION 3.3 | The Median 793.3 The
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SECTION 3.3 | The Median 81To find
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SECTION 3.4 | The Mode 832. What is
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SECTION 3.4 | The Mode 85FIGURE 3.7
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SECTION 3.5 | Selecting a Measure o
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SECTION 3.6 | Central Tendency and
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 95of centr
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PROBLEMS 976. A population of N = 1
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VariabilityCHAPTER4Tools You Will N
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SECTION 4.1 | Introduction to Varia
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SECTION 4.2 | Defining Standard Dev
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SECTION 4.3 | Measuring Variance an
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SECTION 4.4 | Measuring Standard De
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SECTION 4.5 | Sample Variance as an
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SECTION 4.6 | More about Variance a
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SUMMARY 1252. A population has a me
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 127VAR0000
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PROBLEMS 1299. For the following se
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z-Scores: Location of Scoresand Sta
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SECTION 5.1 | Introduction to z-Sco
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SECTION 5.2 | z-Scores and Location
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SECTION 5.2 | z-Scores and Location
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SECTION 5.3 | Other Relationships B
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SECTION 5.4 | Using z-Scores to Sta
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SECTION 5.4 | Using z-Scores to Sta
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SECTION 5.5 | Other Standardized Di
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SECTION 5.5 | Other Standardized Di
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SECTION 5.6 | Computing z-Scores fo
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SECTION 5.7 | Looking Ahead to Infe
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SUMMARY 153LEARNING CHECK1. In N =
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DEMONSTRATION 5.2 155sure that your
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PROBLEMS 15716. A distribution of e
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PREVIEWHow likely is it that you wi
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162 CHAPTER 6 | Probabilitythe prob
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164 CHAPTER 6 | Probability(Note: W
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166 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityFIGURE 6
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168 CHAPTER 6 | Probability■ The
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170 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityFinding
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172 CHAPTER 6 | Probabilityand exac
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174 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityFinally,
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176 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityXz-score
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178 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityBOX 6.1
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180 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityEXAMPLE
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182 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityFIGURE 6
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184 CHAPTER 6 | Probability6.5 Look
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186 CHAPTER 6 | Probability2. For a
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188 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityDEMONSTR
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190 CHAPTER 6 | Probability6. Draw
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Probability and Samples: TheDistrib
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SECTION 7.1 | Samples, Populations,
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SECTION 7.1 | Samples, Populations,
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SECTION 7.2 | The Distribution of S
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SECTION 7.3 | Probability and the D
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SECTION 7.3 | Probability and the D
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SECTION 7.4 | More about Standard E
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SECTION 7.4 | More about Standard E
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Page 241 and 242: FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 219SUMMARY
Page 243 and 244: PROBLEMS 221STEP 2Compute the z-sco
Page 245 and 246: Introduction toHypothesis TestingCH
Page 247 and 248: SECTION 8.1 | The Logic of Hypothes
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Page 261 and 262: SECTION 8.2 | Uncertainty and Error
Page 263 and 264: SECTION 8.3 | More about Hypothesis
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Page 277 and 278: SECTION 8.6 | Statistical Power 255
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Page 301 and 302: SECTION 9.3 | Measuring Effect Size
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Page 315 and 316: DEMONSTRATION 9.1 293One-Sample Sta
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Page 321 and 322: The t Test for TwoIndependent Sampl
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Page 325 and 326: SECTION 10.2 | The Null Hypothesis
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SECTION 10.4 | Effect Size and Conf
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SECTION 10.5 | The Role of Sample V
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KEY TERMS 325SUMMARY1. The independ
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 327Group S
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PROBLEMS 329The t Statistic Finally
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PROBLEMS 331c. Write a sentence dem
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PROBLEMS 33319. If other factors ar
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PREVIEWIt’s the night before an e
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338 CHAPTER 11 | The t Test for Two
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PREVIEWYour job interview is tomorr
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368 CHAPTER 12 | Introduction to An
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Repeated-MeasuresAnalysis of Varian
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SECTION 13.1 | Overview of the Repe
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SECTION 13.2 | Hypothesis Testing a
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SECTION 13.3 | More about the Repea
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SPSS ® 4375. When the obtained F-r
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DEMONSTRATION 13.1 439you must also
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PROBLEMS 441PROBLEMS1. How does the
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PROBLEMS 44313. The following summa
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PROBLEMS 44523. The following data
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Two-FactorAnalysis of Variance(Inde
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SECTION 14.1 | An Overview of the T
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SECTION 14.2 | An Example of the Tw
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SECTION 14.3 | More about the Two-F
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SUMMARY 473SUMMARY1. A research stu
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 475Descrip
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DEMONSTRATION 14.1 477STEP 2STAGE 1
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PROBLEMS 479PROBLEMS1. Define each
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PROBLEMS 48115. Research results in
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PROBLEMS 483EasyFactorA TaskDifficu
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PREVIEWA recent report describing t
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488 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationDEFINIT
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490 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationDEFINIT
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492 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationSubstit
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494 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationeither
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496 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationreliabl
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498 CHAPTER 15 | Correlation60Numbe
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500 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationOne of
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502 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationBOX 15.
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504 CHAPTER 15 | Correlation171615Z
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506 CHAPTER 15 | Correlation3. What
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508 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationon the
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510 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationLEARNIN
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512 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationScoresR
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514 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationThe pro
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516 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationthat a
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518 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationmeasure
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520 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationSUMMARY
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522 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationTo comp
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524 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationSTEP 2C
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526 CHAPTER 15 | Correlation14. Ide
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Introduction to RegressionCHAPTER16
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SECTION 16.1 | Introduction to Line
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SECTION 16.2 | The Standard Error o
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SECTION 16.3 | Introduction to Mult
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KEY TERMS 553a predicted portion an
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DEMONSTRATION 16.1 555DEMONSTRATION
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PROBLEMS 557Alzheimer’s disease.
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The Chi-Square Statistic:Tests for
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SECTION 17.1 | Introduction to Chi-
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SECTION 17.2 | An Example of the Ch
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SECTION 17.3 | The Chi-Square Test
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SECTION 17.4 | Effect Size and Assu
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SECTION 17.4 | Effect Size and Assu
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SECTION 17.5 | Special Applications
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SECTION 17.5 | Special Applications
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SUMMARY 591With df = 2 and α = .05
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SPSS ® SPSS ® 593General instruct
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DEMONSTRATION 17.1 595FOCUS ON PROB
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PROBLEMS 597Finally, we can add the
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PROBLEMS 599response, a sample of 1
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PROBLEMS 601a researcher obtains a
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PREVIEWIn 1960, Gibson and Walk des
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606 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Testp
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608 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Test2
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610 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Test
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612 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Test
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614 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial TestT
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616 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Testt
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618 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial TestB
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Basic Mathematics ReviewAPPENDIXAPR
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APPENDIX A | Basic Mathematics Revi
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648 APPENDIX B | Statistical Tables
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664 APPENDIX C | Solutions for Odd-
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684 APPENDIX D | General Instructio
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Hypothesis Tests for OrdinalData: M
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APPENDIX E | Hypothesis Tests for O
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702 Statistics Organizer: Finding t
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ReferencesAckerman, R. (2011). Meta
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REFERENCES 719Alzheimer’s disease
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REFERENCES 721of aging and estrogen
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724 NAME INDEXKaell, A., 622Kahn, K
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726 SUBJECT INDEXConfidence interva
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728 SUBJECT INDEXIndependent random
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730 SUBJECT INDEXResearch studies,
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732 SUBJECT INDEXTwo-factor ANOVA (
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Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences by Frederick J. Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau ISBN 10: 1305504917 ISBN 13: 9781305504912

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