Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences by Frederick J. Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau ISBN 10: 1305504917 ISBN 13: 9781305504912

594 CHAPTER 17 | The Chi-Square Statistic: Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence
4. Click Analyze on the tool bar at the top of the page, select Descriptive Statistics, and
click on Crosstabs.
5. Highlight the label for the column containing the rows (VAR00002) and move it into the
Rows box by clicking on the arrow.
6. Highlight the label for the column containing the columns (VAR00003) and move it into
the Columns box by clicking on the arrow.
7. Click on Statistics, select Chi-Square, and click Continue.
8. Click OK.
SPSS Output
We used SPSS to conduct the chi-square test for independence for the data in Example 17.4,
examining the relationship between parents’ rules about alcohol use and subsequent alcoholrelated
problems for their children. The output is shown in Figure 17.5. The first table in the
output simply lists the variables and is not shown in the figure. The Crosstabulation table
simply shows the matrix of observed frequencies. The final table, labeled Chi-Square Tests,
reports the results. Focus on the top row, the Pearson Chi-Square, which reports the calculated
chi-square value, the degrees of freedom, and the level of significance (the p value or the alpha
level for the test).
Count
VAR00002 * VAR00003 Crosstabulation
VAR00003
1.00 2.00 Total
VAR00002 1.00
71
9
80
2.00
89
31
120
Total
160
40
200
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction b
6.380 a
5.501
1 .012
1
.019
Likelihood Ratio
6.774
1
.009
Fisher’s Exact Test
.012 .008
Linear-by-Linear
Association
6.348
1
.012
N of Valid Cases
200
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.00.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
F I G U R E 17.5
The SPSS output for the chi-square test for independence in Example 17.4.