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Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences by Frederick J. Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau ISBN 10: 1305504917 ISBN 13: 9781305504912

Statistics is one of the most practical and essential courses that you will take, and a primary goal of this popular text is to make the task of learning statistics as simple as possible. Straightforward instruction, built-in learning aids, and real-world examples have made STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, 10th Edition the text selected most often by instructors for their students in the behavioral and social sciences. The authors provide a conceptual context that makes it easier to learn formulas and procedures, explaining why procedures were developed and when they should be used. This text will also instill the basic principles of objectivity and logic that are essential for science and valuable in everyday life, making it a useful reference long after you complete the course.

Statistics is one of the most practical and essential courses that you will take, and a primary goal of this popular text is to make the task of learning statistics as simple as possible. Straightforward instruction, built-in learning aids, and real-world examples have made STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, 10th Edition the text selected most often by instructors for their students in the behavioral and social sciences. The authors provide a conceptual context that makes it easier to learn formulas and procedures, explaining why procedures were developed and when they should be used. This text will also instill the basic principles of objectivity and logic that are essential for science and valuable in everyday life, making it a useful reference long after you complete the course.

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vi

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 3 Central Tendency 67

PREVIEW 68

3.1 Overview 68

3.2 The Mean 70

3.3 The Median 79

3.4 The Mode 83

3.5 Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency 86

3.6 Central Tendency and the Shape of the Distribution 92

Summary 94

Focus on Problem Solving 95

Demonstration 3.1 96

Problems 96

CHAPTER 4 Variability 99

PREVIEW 100

4.1 Introduction to Variability 101

4.2 Defining Standard Deviation and Variance 103

4.3 Measuring Variance and Standard Deviation for a Population 108

4.4 Measuring Standard Deviation and Variance for a Sample 111

4.5 Sample Variance as an Unbiased Statistic 117

4.6 More about Variance and Standard Deviation 119

Summary 125

Focus on Problem Solving 127

Demonstration 4.1 128

Problems 128

CHAPTER 5

z-Scores: Location of Scores

and Standardized Distributions 131

PREVIEW 132

5.1 Introduction to z-Scores 133

5.2 z-Scores and Locations in a Distribution 135

5.3 Other Relationships Between z, X, μ, and σ 138

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