Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences by Frederick J. Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau ISBN 10: 1305504917 ISBN 13: 9781305504912

732 SUBJECT INDEX
Two-factor ANOVA (Continued)
overview of, 448–457
results of, interpreting, 466
for self-regulated condition, 467–469
simple main effects, 467–470
SPSS, 474–475
stages of analysis, 458–462
Two-tailed test, 245, 248–249
Type I errors, 236–237
ANOVA, 369–370, 393–394
Type II errors, 237–238
Unbiased statistics, 117–119
sample means, 201
Unit normal table, 168–169, 647–650
probabilities and, 188
Upper real limits, 20, 102
U.S. Census Bureau, 176
Validity of correlation, 495
Variability, 99–130
defined, 101
degrees of freedom, 115–116
difference scores, 305–306
hypothesis testing scores, 242–243
purposes, 101
range, 102–103
sample, 111–112
SPSS, 126–127
standard deviation. See Standard
deviation
sum of squares (SS), 108–110
variance. See Variance
Variables
binomial, 516
continuous, 19–20, 21
correlation between, 487–489
defined, 4–5
dependent, 15
dichotomous, 516
discrete, 19, 21
environmental, 14
independent, 15, 367
participant, 14
predictor, 544–552
quasi-independent, 17, 367, 449
relationships between, 10–13
Variance, 105–107, 128
between-treatments, 372, 373,
417–418, 420, 460–461
defined, 105, 108
error, 124, 418–419, 420–421
estimated population, 115
and inferential statistics, 123–124
population, 110
sample, 112–115, 269
SPSS, 126–127
within-treatments, 372–373
Vertical-horizontal illusion, 297
Weighted means, 73–74
Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, 346, 662, 688,
692–695, 713
normal approximation for, 694–695
null hypothesis for, 693
statistical tables, 662
Within-subject research design, 301
Within-subjects design, 336. See also
Repeated-measures ANOVA;
Repeated-measures t test
Within-treatments degrees of freedom
(df within
), 380, 381
Within-treatments sum of squares.
See SS within treatments
Within-treatments variance, 372–373, 420, 460
Wrong Shui, 2
X-axis, 42
X (variable), 25
Y-axis, 42
Y-intercept, 532
Y (variable), 25
Yerkes-Dodson law, 482
z-score distributions, 141–145
z-score formula, 234–235
z-score statistic, 233–235
z-score transformation, 141, 155
z-scores, 132, 133–134
binomial test, 607, 610–611
comparisons with, 144
computing, from samples, 148–150
defined, 135
distribution of sample means,
207–209
distributions, standardizing, 141–148
formula for, 136–137
hypothesis testing and, 269
inferential statistics, 150–153
location in a distribution, 135–138
normal distribution and, 169–178
noticeably different samples, 151
Pearson correlation, 494
purposes, 133–134, 135
raw scores and, 137
SPSS, 154
standard deviation, 138–140
t statistic, differences between, 271–272
transforming distributions with,
141–148
unit normal table, 647–650
Zero-effect hypothesis, 228