Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences by Frederick J. Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau ISBN 10: 1305504917 ISBN 13: 9781305504912

SPSS ® SPSS ® 593
General instructions for using SPSS are presented in Appendix D. Following are detailed
instructions for using SPSS to perform the Chi-Square Tests for Goodness of Fit and for
Independence that are presented in this chapter.
THE CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR GOODNESS OF FIT
Data Entry
1. Enter the set of observed frequencies in the first column of the SPSS data editor. If there
are four categories, for example, enter the four observed frequencies.
2. In the second column, enter the numbers 1, 2, 3, and so on, so there is a number beside
each of the observed frequencies in the first column.
Data Analysis
1. Click Data on the tool bar at the top of the page and select weight cases at the bottom
of the list.
2. Click the weight cases by circle, then highlight the label for the column containing the
observed frequencies (VAR00001) on the left and move it into the Frequency Variable
box by clicking on the arrow.
3. Click OK.
4. Click Analyze on the tool bar, select Nonparametric Tests, and click on Chi-Square.
5. Highlight the label for the column containing the digits 1, 2, 3, and move it into the Test
Variables box by clicking on the arrow.
6. To specify the expected frequencies, you can either use the all categories equal option,
which automatically computes expected frequencies, or you can enter your own values.
To enter your own expected frequencies, click on the values option, and one by one enter
the expected frequencies into the small box and click Add to add each new value to the
bottom of the list.
7. Click OK.
SPSS Output
The program produces a table showing the complete set of observed and expected frequencies.
A second table provides the value for the chi-square statistic, the degrees of freedom, and the
level of significance (the p value or alpha level for the test).
THE CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
Data Entry
1. Enter the complete set of observed frequencies in one column of the SPSS data editor
(VAR00001).
2. In a second column, enter a number (1, 2, 3, etc.) that identifies the row corresponding
to each observed frequency. For example, enter a 1 beside each observed frequency that
came from the first row.
3. In a third column, enter a number (1, 2, 3, etc.) that identifies the column corresponding
to each observed frequency. Each value from the first column gets a 1, and so on.
Data Analysis
1. Click Data on the tool bar at the top of the page and select weight cases at the bottom of
the list.
2. Click the weight cases by circle, then highlight the label for the column containing the
observed frequencies (VAR00001) on the left and move it into the Frequency Variable
box by clicking on the arrow.
3. Click OK.